Management and Leadership at Cvs Caremark

Management and Leadership at CVS Caremark Michell McGill MGT/330 September 10th, 2012 Ed Robinson CVS Caremark is the largest pharmacy health care provider in the United States with integrated offerings across the entire spectrum of Pharmacy Care. CVS Caremark is a market leader in mail-order pharmacy, retail pharmacy, specialty pharmacy, and retail clinics and is a leading provider of Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans.As one of the country’s largest pharmacy benefits managers (PBM’s) CVS Caremark provides access to a network of more than 65,000 pharmacies, including more than 7,3000 CVS/pharmacy stores that provide unparallel services and capabilities(â€Å"Recruiter contact information,† 2012). The size and components of the company CVS Caremark has implemented a leadership team comprised of talented and diverse leaders who’s abilities makes the company a leader among retail and specialty pharmacies in the United States.CVS Caremark divides the com pany into a Business Unit that consists of MinuteClinic, Pharmacy Benefit Management and Retail Pharmacy. Leadership, defined as influencing individual and group activities toward goal achievement. Executive leadership is a key component to the success of CVS Caremark. CVS Caremark fill many of their Executive Leadership opportunities from within, colleagues are offered development plans and encourage open dialog with colleagues and managers.Regular training and leadership development programs ensure that talent can be promoted from within the company. CVS Caremark employs Senior Executive Teams and department and line executives these positions are responsible for support and to work with teams that manage most of the major staff support functions (â€Å"Recruiter contact information,†2012). Management is described as the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals. At CVS Caremark there are several types of managers in the retail stores.T here are district store managers, district pharmacy managers, store managers, shift managers, photo lab supervisors, pharmacy managers, lead pharmacy teach, minute clinic manager and each manager report to the store managers. The distribution center employs more managers as well as other departments. Roles and Responsibilities MinuteClinic are managed by nurse practitioner who offer services to treat minor health issues such as strep throat, and ear, eye, sinus, bladder, and bronchial infections. Others convince of the minute clinic is the ability to have several common vaccinations, flu shots, hepatitis A and B, tetanus, and pneumonia.The benefit to the customer is there are no appointment necessary and the practitioner specialist can diagnose and treat and write prescriptions, which can be filled immediately in the store pharmacy with little or no waiting. Other convient services are camp, sports, and college physicals on a daily walk in, no appointment necessary. Pharmacy Benefit Management is another business unit that assists the customers with managing their benefit, filing prescription by mail and in the retail setting. The services offered help the customer file insurance and fill his or her prescriptions.Services such as ready fill and 90 day supply of maintenance medications like blood pressure, asthma medication, birth control, etc. can be automatically refilled every month or 90 days according to their insurance plan. The benefit to the customs is that they do not have to file their insurance and be reimbursed by the insurance company. The prescriptions can be automatically refilled every month or every 90 days. CVS/pharmacy retail division is America’s leading retail pharmacy with more than 7,300 CVS/pharmacy and Longs Drug stores .Many of CVS/ pharmacies are open 24 hours, which is always a benefit to the customer who may have a late night trip to the ER. CVS/pharmacy offer personalized expertise, in the retail stores and online at CVS. co m. This is a benefit to the elderly patients, they do not have to remember to call in their prescriptions, and they get a coursity phone call if the prescriptions are not picked up within two days after the fill. As people are living longer today the elderly many times do not have help maintaining their drugs or other needs and at time the responsibility can become overwhelming.Customers enjoy the convince to speak with a pharmacist about minor issues with their health or medications. Cot to cost every CVS/pharmacy offer prescription medications related health care products and other health products, such as first aid products, crutches, walkers for the elderly, bed pan, etc. There are 600 in-store minute clinics with more to come by 2016. The front store offer a wide variety of popular beauty supplies, health, and personal care brands, well stocked convince foods and a photo lab with one hour services and many other photo needs, seasonal aisle, and gift ideas and a large supply of cards for every occasions.CVS Caremark is in the United States, the company is launching a Spanish version of Caremark. com. CVS Caremark planes precipitations have access to most comprehensive Spanish-language Web site in PBM industry. The services provided will be the same services as English-speaking customers. While CVS Caremark offers great services and benefits to their employees, turnover can be a problem, due to some factors that stand out, According to Sam Walton of Wal-mart, â€Å"If you want to know where the problem is ask the front line†.The employees at CVS have several issues that if corrected the employees may be happier and offer better customer service. One issue is with the work environment, in retail pharmacy employees work an eight-hour shift and many days there is no breaks, no lunch, and many times no bathroom breaks. When dealing with customers who are sick and not feeling well, and all they want is to get their medicines and go home. The employees nee d to have a break from the crazy fast pace of the frontline. This would take care of the bathroom problem.While the management does not tell employees not to take a break, they also do not make taking break easy. As for a lunch break, employees can have food in the store but many times some stores may fill 800 to a 1,000 prescriptions a day. This leaves little time to eat or anything else. If employees had a break and a little time to eat, service with a smile, is more likely. Another employee issue is the work schedule, no set schedules are , most store employees including managers are required to work two- day shifts and two evening or night shifts and every other weekend.If the store is open 24 hours the last shift get off around 11:00 p. m. . . The 24- hour stores never close for anything, rain sleet or snow. If CVS Caremark would look at these couple of problems the service would improve, the customers would be happier. Customers can at times wait 30 minutes to an hour for thei r prescriptions. Employee who are exhausted and hungry and need to go to the restroom are less likely to provide great customer service. CVS Caremark management is always looking for ways to improve their service at the store level.There are weekly phone conferences for the management team, the pharmacist, the technicians, and the minutecilnic, and retail front store. To discuss the monthly service goals and what need to be completed to improve the service for the months to come. The district managers need to be in the store more often and the management need to take better care of their employees on a daily bases and management will see a change in customer service scores. References: Recruiter contact information. (2012). Retrieved from http://info. cvscaremark. com

Internal and External Conflict in the Age of Innocence by Wharton Essay

Archer Newland faces a huge internal conflict with having to marry May and being in love with Ellen at the same time. This conflict is never resolved because all around Newland his friends including Ellen, have made everything so confusing to him that he ends up feeling lonely all over again. Newland doesn’t want to be scandalous because it wouldn’t be proper to show his true feelings towards Ellen. However Newland hints them in many ways. When Medora comes up to Newland and mentions Ellen’s name, as he is meditating, he is surprised to find that his heart jumps. So she is _but she’s got to come home first to pick up Ellen. Ah – you didn’t know Ellen had come to spend the day with me? Such fol-de-rol, her not coming for the summer; but I gave up arguing with young people about fifty years ago. †(page 138) Ellen’s aunt tells him that Ellen is staying at the Blenkers in Portsmouth. â€Å"Run down and fetch her, like a good grandson, this pretty lady will describe the party to me, she said; and Archer stood up as if in a dream. †(page 138) This shows the internal conflict that Newland faces to hide his feelings for Ellen. Archer stood up as if in a dream† he can’t believe that he is finally going to see Ellen again and that Medora is asking him to go get her. He is in shock! Reality hit Newland later on â€Å"in the pagoda a lady stood, leaning against the rail, her back to the shore. Archer stopped at the sight as if he had waked from sleep. That the vision of the past was a dream, and the reality was what awaited him in the house on the bank overhead† (page 139) This passage shows us imagery of Ellen â€Å"leaning against the rail, her back to the shore†. Shows how he is admiring her looking out at the water. Again he is in shock â€Å" the sight as if he had waked from sleep. That the vision of the past was a dream, and the reality was what awaited him in the house on the bank overhead† he felt like none of this was real at first until reality hit him and he was looking at her from a far. He just couldn’t believe it. Newland puts in his head that if it is meant to be Ellen will turn around see him and come up with him. â€Å"Archer waited till a wide space of water sparkled between the last reef of the island and the stern of the boat; but still the figure in the summer-house did not move. He turned and walked up the hill. † (page 140) Newland gave up and turned away. He gave up on waiting, gave up on Ellen. â€Å"All night he lay awake in the big chintz bedroom at May’s side, watching the moonlight slant along the carpet, and thinking of Ellen Olenska driving home across the gleaming beaches behind Beaufort’s trotters† (page 141) Newland couldn’t sleep he spent to much time thinking â€Å"all night he lay awake†. He was laying next to May while thinking hard about Ellen â€Å"in the big chintz bedroom at May’s side† â€Å"thinking of Ellen†. This shows the internal conflict he is dealing with himself being married to May but in love with Ellen. He stares into the moonlight which shows he is in deep thought about this situation. Newlands internal conflict causes him to lie to May and Mrs. Welland. He tells them he is going to spend his afternoon going to look for a new horse to buy â€Å"Archer said that he thought of hiring a run-about and driving up the island to a stud-farm to look at a second horse for her brougham. † (page 143) but instead he goes to the party. He was not sure that he wanted to see the Countess Olenska again; but ever since he had looked at her from the path above the bay he had wanted, irrationally and indescribably, to see the place she was living in, and to follow the movements of her imagined figure as he had watched the real one in the summer-house† (page 144) Newland was curious of where she lived, he wanted to know what it looked like â€Å"to see the place she was living in†. Through Newlands internal conflict he feels empty. We see this when he says â€Å"He simply felt that if he could carry away the vision of the spot of earth she walked on, and the way the sky and sea enclosed it. The rest of the world might seem less empty. † (Page 144) He uses imagery to show how the sky and sea are trapping the world â€Å"the sky and sea enclosed it†. When Newland visits the party he finds a pink parasol. He thinks the pink parasol he found in the Blenker’s garden is Ellen’s. â€Å"But instead, he crossed the lawn and turned toward the box-garden. As he entered it he caught sight of something bright-coloured in the summer-house, and presently made it out to be a pink parasol. The parasol drew him like a magnet: he was sure it was hers. He went into the summer-house, and sitting down on the rickety seat picked up the silken thing and looked at its carved handle, which made of some rare wood that gave out an aromatic scent. Archer lifted the handle to his lip. † (Page 145) Newland is admiring this parasol because he feels it was a symbol of something once close to Ellen. This causes him to want to be closer to it and feel closer to Ellen â€Å"Archer lifted the handle to his lip†. His description of the parasol shows how much thought he puts into something that has to deal with Ellen. Throughout these chapters Newland faces these internal conflicts and try’s to resolve them. The external conflicts around him help to make the internal ones more difficult. Newland hides his feelings everyday. We see that deep down inside he still wants Ellen.

Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Corporate Finance - Essay Example e impact on stock prices.(Frankfurter 2002 )Another school of thought contends that prices are negatively correlated with dividend payout levels.(Frankfurter 2002).The third view is that firm dividend policy is irrelevant in stock price valuation. (Frankfurter 2002.These views are best summed up as being based upon, the tax effect ( Litzenberger and Ramaswamy (1980),)Clientele effects explanations (Elton and Gruber, 1970), Agency theory explanations(Easterbrook 1984), Signaling models(John and Williams (1985), and psychological/sociological explanations ( Frankfurter and Lane 1992). Coming to the aspect of Dividend Policies, Capital structure decisions and taxation academic literature has similarly differed and presented varying views. The leading theory here is the MM theory discussed below based on which the paper explores the literature pertaining to the simultaneous effect of both the corporation tax and personal income taxes on the dividend policy and capital structure of a firm in theory. In this vein many other studies have also examined the temporal pattern of corporate dividend payout and dynamic dividend behavior based on varying tax codes.(MA Lasfer 1996). It has been seen often that there will be â€Å" structural shifts in the aggregate dividend payout and these shifts often coincide with tax law changes†(Wu 1996).Thus the empirical evidence on the effects of both corporation and personal income taxes on dividend payment adjustments and on capital structure decisions is accordingly reviewed hereafter. It has often been stated that companies set their dividend policies to minimize their tax liability and to maximize the after-tax return of their shareholders. (Wu 1996).It has also been stated that whenever a company is unable to deduct the advanced corporate tax from their tax liability it will resort to giving out low dividends.(Wu 1996 citing Brennan). The notion of the tax hypothesis states that the differential taxation of dividends and

Falkland Islands War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Falkland Islands War - Research Paper Example Even though the war ended eventually in favour of England, there Argentine claim continues to remain over the sovereignty of the region. This paper will analyze the Falkland Islands War at global level by examining the political and military engagement of both Argentina and England in the conflict and interpret the reasons why it still remains an unsolved international issue for the stakeholders. The Falkland Islands War was one of the most short-lived wars in the history. Like in any other war, the political interest of acquiring the authority over the island groups encouraged Argentina to occupy the region with its air force and navy. However, the retaliation by the British force was quick and the war ended with England defeating Argentina within seventy four days. Irrespective of its length and the number of casualties, the war is known for the impact of its result on the political conditions in both Argentina and England. Despite the sudden rise of nationalism and sympathy across Argentina, the fall of the military government was quickened by the defeat. On the other hand, England’s Conservative Party retained trust and continued through a second term after the success in the war. As per the BBC News, records of the history refers that Argentina entered the remote British colony of Falkland Islands with its military troop on 2 April 1982, and the invasion resulted in a short but fierce war between Argentina and the United Kingdom. The crisis has to be seen as a conflict of claims of both the countries over the sovereignty of the region in a critically interesting way. While Argentina wanted to establish that it had inherited the region from Spain and that they lay close to South America, it made a quick march to the islands with a view to expand the territorial regime. However, Margaret Thatcher, then Prime Minister of England chose a fight which made meaning for

Educational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educational Change - Essay Example The value and effectiveness of education can only be realized by changing the entire system. Although current education is important in developing the society, it is not sufficient. In addition, contemporary education does not cover the cost that its beneficiaries pay to acquire it. Complexity of modern education in relation to the expectation of the real world is the main cause of low value in modern education. Current education needs to be changed in order to increase its value by eliminating complexity, improve application and to improve its ability to measure the intelligence and knowledge of an individual. Current schooling has many weaknesses that deny its beneficiaries the value for their investments in education. Although the flaws in existing education have been in existence for a long time, their impacts have not yet been analyzed. The education system was structured long time ago but the needs of the society have changed with time hence necessitating an overhaul change in the education system. (Hallinger, 2003). Effective changes on the current education can only be realized from a transformation of the entire educational system. Partial changes will leave loopholes or weakness on the resultant education system. It is worth noting that education is a multivariate concept and therefore, all facets should be given appropriate attention. Effectiveness of an education system lies in the ability to transform its beneficiaries and the entire society. Notably, education system focuses too much on theoretical aspects whereas the world has become more practical. Therefore, it is important to incorporate practical aspect in the education system in order to enable students handle practical life experiences once they leave the school. This is evident with most college graduates who never apply their education after completing their courses from various colleges (Hargreaves, 2004). The purpose of schooling is realized through application of acquired knowledge to solve real-world problems. Significance of education can therefore, be established by determining the rate of application of knowledge outside educational institutions (Hallinger, 2003). However, it has been found out that modern education system discourage application of knowledge in solving real-world problems. A lot of evidence supports that education system does not offer adequate skills needed for practical life experience. Most of the principles taught in school are either too complicated and complex to be applied in real life or are not adequate at all. This is particularly ironical since many resources have been applied to acquire these skills. It can be agreed that learning complicated skills is a waste of valuable time for students. This is because students spend their prime age in life acquiring life skills in school. If students are not able to apply the skills learned in school in real life, then it becomes a waste of time, energy, and resources. Changing the current ed ucation is important in order to incorporate the application aspect in contemporary education. Value of education can only be realized through application of the knowledge acquired through education. It is possible to view education as an investment since students will have to get returns once they start using the skills learned in school. With the rising economic crisis in many countries, investment in education becomes expensive both to the government and to individuals as well. Since beneficiaries of education use little if any of the skills gained from education in real life, then education becomes even more expensive. Simply put, return on investment on educations is not justified. The cost of education and the actual

Factors That Have Shaped Bahamian Culture Essay

Factors That Have Shaped Bahamian Culture - Essay Example The essay "Factors That Have Shaped Bahamian Culture" discusses a number of factors that have shaped the Bahamian culture and identity since a large number of Haitian migration to the Bahamas at the end of the 18th century have been instrumental in constant tension between the Bahamians and Haitians. However, the Haitian retention of African based beliefs and customs, its music, folklore, and gambling habits, has had some effect on the Bahamas. Since 1967, there have been developments in music, dance, festivals, literature, painting crafts, and architectural preservation, which have helped define a Bahamian identity. The Department of Archives plays a dominant role in preserving the rich island architectural heritage and takes care of the antiquities, monuments, and museums. However, the lack of recognition by other Caribbean countries has been a great stumbling block for the nation to establish its own identity and many outsiders viewed the Bahamas as an offshoot of the United State s and a tourist Mecca with sun, sand, sea, and sex, and a society devoid of serious writers. Analysing the Bahamian culture one can understand that it is the Bahamian African culture that has shaped the Bahamian identity and that factors such as the tourism industry, the changed political scenario, and the oral tradition and newspapers have been instrumental in developing the Bahamian culture and identity. Yinna points out three elements that contributed to the formation of a ‘collective self-image’ among the Bahamians after 1973.

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example Anything in which a firm excels than its competitors is considered as its competitive advantage. Michael Porter has mentioned three main strategies in order to gain the market share by acquiring competitive advantage. They include: Cost Leadership Differentiation Focus Differentiation Cost Leadership Parts Limited is that company which doesn’t earn through number of units sold, but it maximizes its profits through the price of units. Parts Limited charges higher prices to its customer which means that they sell their products on relatively premium prices. When it comes to cost differentiation, this strategy is an option for Parts Limited. There is a possibility that the company start focusing on generating revenue not through premium prices but through number of units sold. ... In my opinion, this strategy is currently availed by Parts Limited because it is selling its unique products and charging premium prices for them. These products are perceived as unique and important in the eyes of the customers and the firm utilizing this strategy, usually is aware of the needs and unique demands of its customers. Focus Differentiation This strategy usually consists of two variants. In focus strategy a firm can either go for: a) Focus differentiation in its own target market b) Cost focus to seek cost advantage within its target market In this regard, usually targeted customers have unusual needs or the delivery of production system. Cost focus assist in acquiring cost advantage of a particular segment whereas focus differentiation fulfills the special and unique needs of the customers. As far as Parts Limited is concerned, this type of strategy cannot be applicable for a company dealing in machines industry. The reason is hardly customers are concerned about using unique and high priced parts for their machines. In fact, the emphasis is basically on sustainable and good quality products. This type of strategy mostly applies in the apparel & garment industry, cellular industry, electronics industry (including personal computers, T.Vs etc.), cosmetic industry etc. Implications of Porter’s Generic Strategy In the above section, a brief analysis has been done of each of the three porter’s strategy. Coming to back to Parts Limited and before analyzing which strategy can prove to be productive for Parts Limited; all the three strategies need to be analyzed in respect of Parts Limited. a) Product Differentiation Parts Limited has been utilizing product differentiation strategy. It

Discuss the role of hydrocholoric acid in protecting the body from Essay

Discuss the role of hydrocholoric acid in protecting the body from disease.Explain signs and symptoms associated with low gastric acidity - Essay Example Moreover, chronic conditions such as asthma, allergies and gallstones have been implicated in the reduced acid secretion (Ahmed 34). Most common age related factors, that causes impaired digestion, is the decline in the hydrochloric acid production in the stomach. This thus shows that hydrochloric acid plays a crucial role in the gastrointestinal tract. Digestion of food substances starts when food enters the mouth and progresses as the food is passed to the stomach, small and large intestines. When food reaches the stomach, gastric secretions are released which consist of; HCL, pepsinogen and a mucus layer that acts as a protective layer. The amount of HCL increases as digestion of food progresses. The ph of the stomach is maintained by HCL at 1 and 2.Apart from the digestion, the HCL helps in protection of the body against diseases (Barney 78). HCL plays a vital role in the protection of the body from pathogens. It does so by maintaining a sterile environment in the stomach, this is through protection against pathogens that are ingested during food intake. Pathogens cannot achieve overgrowth in the small intestines due to the action of this acid hence the gastrointestinal tract remains free of pathogens. Research has also shown that a common pathogen in the stomach, E coli is inactivated in the stomach when acidity is high at 1.5to 4.Inactivation of this organism thus eliminates possible E coli infection (Forleo 125). Low acidity of the stomach leads to fast invasion of microorganisms from the colon and bacterial colonization and overgrowth of bacteria hence leading to infection. Thus, hydrochloric acid is vital in body defense. Researchers have also found out that reduced levels of hydrochloric acid leads to infection by H. pylori which is one of the most common pathogen that cause chronic bacterial infection. It also causes gastritis, gastric carcinoma, gastric ulcers and B-cell gastric carcinoma. This acid also

Managing and Leading Quality Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Managing and Leading Quality Services - Essay Example The policy that selected to audit is ‘Promoting Positive Behaviour’. My workplace caters for children with Additional Support Needs (ASN) and these children often display a range of extremely inappropriate behaviours such as spitting, hitting, kicking and throwing. Both in terms of individuals and as part of such an establishment, we have a duty of care and a responsibility to ensure the safety of the children as well as the staff members. With this in requirement mind it is clear to me that it would be appropriate to audit our current policy of ‘Promoting Positive Behaviour’. This is a generic policy published by the local authority and it does not take into account the varying needs of children whom my organization serves. There are some issues arising from the absence of a clear policy or guidelines on how to promote positive behaviour imbedded into the practice of my establishment. The Rationale, Justification and Purposes: Rationale: Proper discipline i s a mandatory prerequisite for facilitating good learning. No matter the nature or extent of indiscipline, it is an obstacle to both teaching as well as learning. At the organisation, I think that every child has a right to access the best education which can be offered in partnership among school, community and the parents. The organisation’s Positive Behavior Policy forms part of â€Å"Safeguarding Policy Portfolio† (Promoting Positive Behavior n.d.) and exhibits our commitment to safeguarding the welfare of all students. Thus, our organization needs to focus on reliable, strong and fair management of learner behavior to establish a safe, congenial and purposeful atmosphere in which every child may develop his or her complete potential. Providing such a high quality learning atmosphere is a significant precondition for learners to attain the maximum possible levels of achievement. â€Å"Parents, teachers, and students work together to create an environment that is s afe and supportive and that promotes learning. It encourages children to think and learn actively and to be hopeful, trusting, loving and healthy† (Positive Behavior Policies and Procedures 2010, p. 2). Every child will also be asked to conform to the principles and rules of the school and parents will be kept educated so that they can support and encourage the use of system. The policy for promoting positive behavior is mainly based on encouragement through recognition of the positive aspects in children. This, in turn, will inspire them to mould their behavior appropriately. Also, when other children observe such encouragement, it will motivate them to imitate such behavior. The policies of the organization must reflect the policies and guidelines of the present local authority and government. At the same time, as procedures symbolize an accomplishment of policy and must evolve over time as new apparatus emerge, new processes will be planned, and the risks connected with an area modified in response to changes in the external or internal environment. Justification: There have been numerous initiatives and investigations in the UK over the last several years with regard to promoting and encouraging positive approaches to behavior and actions. Schools report that their chief concern relates to low level interruption although there are some schools and students that experience severe problems. â€Å"The school needs to be confident that its policies and practices in relation to behavior are positive and

Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Mixed Economies Coursework

Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Mixed Economies - Coursework Example This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of effective cooperation in a form of PPP between UK government and NATS Holdings Limited, the renowned service provider in the field of air navigation. The perception of mixed economy is principally described as a financial system that comprises a mix of both collectivism and capitalism notions. A capitalist system is primarily based upon personal profits, private ownerships, labours and investments. On the contrary, a socialist arrangement typically involves the financial activities that are regulated as well as controlled publicly by the active engagement of planning councils along with different governmental bodies Mixed economy type generally embraces an amalgamation of private financial freedom and centralised monetary planning along with governmental regulations Certain crucial factors like globalisation, extreme business market competition and internationalisation have ultimately urged the importance of conducting the PPP approach by a significant level. It has been often argued in this regard that public services require becoming more innovative for the purpose of developing the lifestyle of the individuals or the people belonging to this contemporary world and most vitally, to enhance economies of dissimilar nations. One of the innovative practices adopted as well as executed by NATS is conducting the PPP approach with motive of enhancing its financial position. The significant concern of partnership working has become much significant in delivering effectual public services. ... These benefits might include generating greater monetary value, delivering different sorts of projects in an effective as well as timely manner, effectively exploiting the state assets and resources, generating diversity along with innovation especially in the stipulation of public services (RPA, 2008). Furthermore, the other benefits that can be availed from establishing PPP comprise accessing better finance towards private sectors, raising lucidity in the operational procedures while undertaking any sort of project and most vitally delivering superior infrastructure related solutions (Dept of Economic Affairs, 2011). With this concern, this paper intends to analyse a PPP with reference to the example of NATS Holdings Limited applying certain significant aspects grounded on the arguments revealing that pubic services need to be more innovative and the idea concerning partnership working has become much important, especially when concerning the deliverance of effective public service s. A Brief Overview of NATS Holdings Limited NATS Holdings Limited, which was previously acknowledged as National Air Traffic Services, is viewed as one the foremost service providers relating to air navigation in the United Kingdom (UK). The vision of the company has been to become a worldwide leader in the business segment of offering pioneering solutions linked with air-traffic and airport performance as well (NATS Limited, 2013). It has been apparently observed that the business market concerning the services relating to air-traffic is incessantly transforming due to extensive long-term growth in the sector of aviation both nationally and internationally. Thus, it

Plato Republic the Noble Lie Essay Example for Free

Plato Republic the Noble Lie Essay As with all other topics discussed in The Republic of Plato, the section in which he discusses the myths of the metals or the noble lie is layered with questioning and potential symbolism, possible contradiction, and a significant measure of allusion. In Chapter X of The Republic, Plato presents The Selection of Rulers: The Guardians Manner of Living. In it, he discusses the necessities of education as they apply to the appropriate selection of and reparation for the communitys leaders. As in other areas of The Republic, Plato carefully outlines the delineations which form the basis for the types of rulers to be installed in the state. Rulers (legislative and udicial), Auxiliaries (executive), and Craftsmen (productive and fficacious) are the titles of the categories and are based, not on birth or wealth, but on natural capacities and aspirations. Plato was convinced that children born into any class should still be moved up or down based on their merits regardless of their connections or heritage. He believes the citizens of the State will support and benefit from such a system and presents the idea in the form of an allegorical myth. His allegory was based in part on the prevalent belief that some people were literally autochthonous, born from the soil, and partly from the stories of the philosopher Hesiod who chronicled the genealogy of the gods and goddesses as well as their accomplishments and exploits. Hesiods account of the Golden, Silver, and Bronze races which had succeeded one another before the current to The Republics age of Iron forms the basis for the myths of the metals. Since the ancient Greeks were convinced that all myths were primarily the work of even more ancient poets who had been inspired by the Muses, some ther divine force, or consciously invented, the lesson in the story of the metals was to be paid attention to in order to learn the important truth (or truths) that form the core of the information to be transferred to the young and untrained mind of the future leaders in training. They must have the right sort of intelligence and ability; and also they must look upon the commonwealth as their special concern ? the sort of concern that is felt for something so closely bound up with oneself that its interests and fortunes, for good or ill, are held to be identical with ones own (The Republic of Plato X:III-412) Socrates tells Glaucon who naturally agrees. Socrates goes on to emphasize that the men that are chosen from among the Guardians must be those who are filled with enthusiasm and the determination to do the best they possibly can for the greater good of the people of the commonwealth and for the organization of the commonwealth itself. He asserts that they must never be willing to act against that collective interest. Socrates expands on his metaphor of the metals and explains that the future rulers must be fashioned as precious metals are fashioned by careful artistry and craft. But first he asks Glaucon: . . .can we devise something in the way of those convenient fictions we spoke of earlier, a single bold flight of invention, which we may induce the community in general, and if possible the Rulers themselves, to accept? (The Republic of Plato X:III-414). Such a tongue-in-cheek question, the reference to a single bold flight of invention is what has come to be known as commonly rendered by noble lie, a self-contradictory expression which is no more applicable to Platos comparatively harmless storytelling than to a 20th century political campaign publication. Such use of the noble lie suggests that he would agree to the use or be unconcerned about correcting the lies, for the most part dishonorable (certainly not noble), that are now most commonly thought to be unabashed propaganda. Returning to the metaphor of crafting precious metals, Socrates tells that while all men throughout the land are brothers, the god who was responsible for the creation of individuals chose to mix a certain measure of gold in the substance of those most fit to rule, making them the most precious. He then explains that silver was the substance added to the Auxiliaries, and iron and brass to the people who were to be a part of the commonwealth as farmers or craftsmen. Socrates, in his typical fashion, covers all possible eventualities by noting that although your children will generally be like their parents, sometimes a golden parent may have a silver child or a silver parent a golden one, and so on with al the other combinations (The Republic of Plato X:III-415). Therefore, Socrates asserts, there is nothing as important as the measure and mixture of the metals in the souls of children. He concludes that if a child is born with an strong mixture of iron or brass, it is the responsibility of the parents to assure that he finds aposition and a life that best suits his nature and they are to do so without pity or derision. Naturally, if a child is produced with gold or silver as a part of his nature, it is equally incumbent upon the arents to nurture his leadership qualities and promote him according to his worthiness and value. Socrates, however, worries aloud whether or not the general population can or will understand such a premise and Glaucon notes that it is unlikely that the idea will be understood in the first generation but that generations following and, ltimately, all of mankind, will come to understand and honor the concept of the metals. Socrates is comforted by such a reassuring thought. He is thoroughly convinced that the commonwealth will not, cannot survive if the state is passed into the dominion of a man of iron or brass. In fact, Socrates takes the allegory of the metals one step further to explain to Glaucon that the future Guardians must even be kept from concerns or desires for silver and metal since, Gold and silver, we shall tell them, they will not need, having the divine counterparts of those metals in their souls as a god-given possession (The Republic of Plato X:III-417). He goes on to say that the Guardians are not to come in contact with gold and silver and lays out a plan by which they will neither need or desire the trappings of glory and wealth since they are always clothed in gold and silver and riches as part of their inner being. He is convinced that if an individual who is a cobbler or a farmer goes to the bad and pretends to be what he is not (The Republic of Plato X:III-420) the entire well-being of the state is not in jeopardy. But such is most certainly not the case if the person is a Guardian or Auxiliary. There is no point, Socrates says, in producing a happiness like that of a party of peasants feasting at a fair. Such a person who would aspire to such a community has something in mind other than a civic community (The Republic of Plato X:III-421). Of course, Glaucon agrees.

Why is Pakistan counted as underdeveloped?

Why is Pakistan counted as underdeveloped? Right now, Rs. 52,941 is the debt which is on the shoulders of each and every Pakistan, where total external and internal debt Pakistan today accountable is Rupees Nine trillion. Where as in the mid-nineties, the same figure was Rupees 30,000 which was to be borne by each Pakistani citizen. The government of PM Nawaz Shareef came up with an initiative of Qarz Utaro Scheme which somehow gave a relieving cushion to the debt servicing piles. Right now there is a total financial dichotomy in the country. In these worsening situations, it is again said that national treasury is facing an additional burden of Rupees 14 billion due to 12 percent increase in military pensions in 2007-2008  [3]  . On the other side of the coin, futuristic look is giving much cynical and gloomy representation as the total external debt is likely to soar by more than 43 per cent over the next five years, to about $73 billion in 2015-16 from about $50.76 billion early this year  [4]  . Though the incapability and powerlessness of numerous countries to use the provided external supply in terms of aid or debt, it is further attributed to many other characteristic factors, the insufficient and scarce absorptive competence is termed as the rule of thumb applicable in many UDCs as a limitation on the well-organized and proficient utilization of external resources. The normal debt indicators which are commonly practiced in Pakistan are: Debt : GNP ratio Debt : Debt Service Liability Debt : Foreign Exchange Earnings CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW (Ashfaq, 2005) in his research (Aid Effectiveness, Debt Capacity and Debt Management in the Economy of Pakistan) discusses that discrete views are prevailing concerning the usefulness of external assistance to the UDCs. As many of the researchers and economist say that aid and debt is much useful in lessening the monetary tailback and blockage to enlargement of many developing countries like Pakistan, no matter the essence of taking assistance is satisfied or not (for example Cassen 1994, G. Papanek 1972, etc). The challengers declare that foreign assistance either in terms of aid or debt always caused disastrous affects on the maturity of the recipient country. A number of gives a moderate point of views on the same debate. The association linking external debt and economic escalation has been observed broadly in recent years. These studies have mostly focused on the destructive influence of a countrys debt overhang which means the addition of a stockpile of liability so hefty as to terrorize the countrys ability to pay back its precedent loan. The theme of the research is to see how and to what degree the foreign assistance has and debt affected the economy. It is to analyze the external assistance and resources in terms of its dynamic and fruitful role in the economy and as a bridge of expansion and growth or vice versa. The main idea is to check and estimate the effectiveness of foreign air and external debt in the country and the researcher seek to determine whether further resources linked with external assistance have in point of fact brought some kind of revolution in the economy or the situation is completely opposite of what it should be. The research will also investigate the position of debt lumber on Pakistan, giving extreme importance given on Pakistans competence in debt servicing and its retirement; in the light of major problems in debt management practices creating worst economic shape of the country. ( Hayat et al, 2010) discuss in their research (External debt and Economic Growth: Empirical evidence from Pakistan) of the known fact to everyone that Pakistan does not enjoy a good repute for aid and external debt. It has almost unmatchable witnesses of significant economic assistance from about each part of the globe. He further argues that Since Pakistans emergence of world map; it is facing crucial problems in balance of payments deficit. To finance this balance of payments deficit and loses, Pakistan is heavily relying on external debt. World Bank classified Pakistan as severely indebted country of South Asia in 2001.Even though, Pakistan shows a mushroom growth in its economy in the presence of serious economic and highest degree of political in-stability. Although it also showed variability with the passage of time but the situation at this point in time is worse where the growth rate of GDP is just 2% which was 7% in 2007. The outstanding stock of external debt swelled by a huge sum of Rupees 1095.1 billion in FY09, registering a growth of 36.1 percent against 28.9 percent in FY08. As far as debt is related, International Monetary Fund (IMF) debt further damager the condition. The rise in debt stock of IMF by US$ 3.8 billion was the major factor for rise in total debt stock during FY09. As discussed earlier, facing severe balance of payments problems the government had approached the IMF for a US$7.6 billion Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) loan which was approved by the IMF board in November 2008. The IMF has also acceded to government of Pakistans additional request for US$3.2 billion, which has increased the total assistance to $11.3 billion. The bad and declining economic conditions also creates problems in Pakistan foreign exchange re serves. It was $ 14 Billion in June 2007 showing a drastic decline of 75.71% by the mid of 2010 to just $ 3.4 Billion. Prior to the events of September 11, 2001, Pakistans economy was caught in a vicious debt trap. U.S. bilateral aid to Pakistan started in 1951. Pakistan, in total, received a massive amount of $2 billion dollars between 1953 and 1961. On the other side, by the early 1960s, aid reached $400 million per year. At the peak level, we get to know that in the first phase of the same decade, only United Stated provided fifty percent of the total aid Pakistan was receiving; which covered one third of the development budget and financed more than half of the import bill. It was the time by 1982, US was givibg $ 5.1 Billion to Pakistan as aid on annual basis. (Ibrahim, 2009) in his research (U.S. aid to Pakistan-U.S. Tax payers have funded Pakistani corruption) discussed the situation getting further worse when sanctions were imposed by the G-8 countries on bilateral and multilateral lending as a consequence of Pakistans nuclear tests in May 1998 and subsequently because of the military coup in October 1999. Pakistan was able to reschedule US $ 3.96 billion of its bi-lateral liabilities through the Paris Club in 2000. The reschedule was, however, on short-term basis and dependent on the IMF agreement, which was being finalized at the time with all its stringent conditionality. The post September 11, 2001, events once again brought Pakistan into the limelight of global geo-strategic interests. The most significant benefit which Pakistan attained vis-à  -vis its external debt problem was the restructuring agreement with the Paris Club in December 2001. Under the agreement, the debt repayment period was extended to a span of 38 years with a grace period of 15 years. This means that Pakistans debt servicing liabilities will decline by US $ 2.7 billion between 2002 and 2004 and according to the State Bank; the net present value of external debt is expected to decline somewhere between 27 and 43 per cent between 2002 and 2017. All these problems faced by Pakistan are quite alarming and shows a need of taking massive and severe steps to take the position in a controllable mode, as further delay will make Pakistan drift herself into many other financial as well as social issues. (Ahmed, 2010) argued that Pakistan must refuse to pay foreign debt payment and spend the same amount on relief and rehabilitation of people affected from recent flood and terrorism. He said that 20 Million populations have got effected from the angry flood which are a crucial part of $ 54 Billion foreign debt yet to be paid back with interest. People in Pakistan are already facing unemployment, hunger and worst hardships and the episode of the flood creating massive problems for such a huge number of populations is again devastating. Therefore, Pakistan is greatly unable to service its debt liability. Pakistan spends $ 3 Billion every year on its debt servicing where Pakistans debt-to-GDP ratio has skipped the massive height of 61% this fiscal year. Government is sometimes talking of cutting development budget and reduces subsidies on the call of IMF. The situation according to him is getting more badly where Government is talking about levying flood tax on the poor people of Pakista n. Despite of taking such steps, Pakistans government should take serious steps in the eradication of such problems by cutting military and capital budgets. (Haider Mullick, 2004) discusses the fact that though Pakistan has been a front-line ally to The United States for the war on terrorism to curb the threats on the US soil; but received a sum of $2.4 billion in foreign aid  [5]  . He further argues that after the terrorist attacks on the WTC on September 11, 2001 many of the rich and developed nations pondered over the fact that foreign aid to UDCs has now turned to a new phenomenon with a blend of new priority and importance unlike previous times. All is due to the reason of such UDCs falling into the hands of radical extremists and fanatics which finance the poor and misuse their status of poverty. It is just due to the Pakistans involvement to help the US and NATO forces to defeat the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the US are allocating massive aid in an injecting manner similar to 80s. But the end result could become much fierce. There can be a financial dead-lock in the country if the US and NATO move out of the Afghan lan d in next 10 years. Our system in Pakistan will be so dependent on the aid and grants that when it will be removed; there is a growing fear of over all system-collapse. He stresses on the immediate need of autarky and self dependence like India and China. (Martin, 2009) writes in his research about Pakistan Capital Crisis that Pakistans government has reached to an agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for a sum of $ 7.6 B in the form of loans followed by massive hefts of impositions on the economy of Pakistan. Despite of the huge sum, Pakistans financial dichotomy still persists and the state has requested additionally for a sum of $ 4.5 billion. He states that Pakistan badly affected capital situation is affecting the nations over all economic efficiency and performance leading towards socio-political havoc. He further extends his argument to the debt burden Pakistan is getting in such monetary and socio-economics problems that it will become very difficult for a common Pakistani to win bread for his family. He discusses about different research groups which have recently issued reports on the prevailing circumstances in the country that further recommends on the actions that the United States can do to help an improv ed economic system. He indicates the role of Congress that may consider many of the recommendations and take severe actions to increase in USs non-military assistance and establishment of reconstruction opportunity zones in the country. It is barely on the mercy of time which will show the effectiveness of what such recommendations will bring; prosperity or disaster. The US is interested in a firm and established democratic Pakistan which can act as a front-line ally to the US interests in Afghanistan and South Asia. The US wants to assist Pakistan on the basis of regional and global terrorism which is the major threat to the US after September 11, 2001. Now, the US think-tanks are pondering over the fact that a financial stalemate in the country will might weaken multilateral endeavors to soothe South Asia and restrain the growing emergence of Islamic extremism; so there is an immediate need of capital assistance in a rapid and quick way. (Momani, 2004) discusses the Triad focusing on Pakistan, The IMF and The U.S. War on Terrosism. She argues the basic question that did The U.S intrude to approve the final payout of Pakistans IMF as a prize to support the United States war on terrorism? It is a rule of thumb that The IMF has been always politicized to attain foreign policy objectives which are important to the U.S. It is a matter of fact that Pakistans loans approval was immediately given after 9/11 attacks by the IMF but was scheduled for the approval by the executive board of IMF. The overall situation gets clumsy as there are strong and positive linkages of the United States influence inside the decision makings of The IMF to strongly correlate objectives getting success in the end- Exactly what The United States have been doing to all Under developed countries (UDCs) across the globe. Although there are weak evidences present of the USs influence in the case of Pakistan but the writer argues that The United State s clearly wanted to take a credit for the approved payment by the IMF to the country, getting General Musharraf as a front line ally to attack Afghanistan. (Hameed et al , 2008) discuss how external debt and aid is deteriorating the fiscal and monetary policies of Pakistan. In their research that even in short run or long run; the relationship between debt shamble and economic growth is always negative in the Pakistans history until now. It is clear to every one that debt and debt servicing responsibilities always bring negative productivity as far as labor and capital is concerned. Now, the relationship is causal to the fiscal deficit in the country. When there is a problem in the labor and productivity, there is always a negative impact on the taxation base. On the other hand there are severe problems prevailing as people always look to avoid or evade taxes. The researchers also focused on the need of cutting the above mentioned expenditures drastically so that there should be an adequate cushion given to the injured fiscal structure of the country. They also stressed on the reality that debt service relation tends to affect negativel y GDP and thereby the rate of economic growth in the long-run, which, in turn, reduces the ability of the country to service its debt. Now tax being the foremost and crucial part of the fiscal structure as revenue plays a very important element as far as the capital, development and military expenditures are in question. The researchers claim that external debt is not good for a country in general and Pakistan particularly after a certain limit as piles of interest has to be returned back which further deteriorate the fiscal structure of the country. (Hashmi, 2009) worked on the reflections of Pakistans economy due to the war on terror. On the other hand she also focused on the mutual relationship between the fiscal discrepancies and Pakistans involvement in the War on terror as an ally of the United States. As matter of fact, Pakistan was a heaven for most of the world most renowned investors which always saw Pakistan as place where huge piles of profits are present. There were and still ate many latent demands which people want in their life. Consequently, many of the Multinational companies and other world class organizations were interested in setting up business in Pakistan and importing the raw material in the field of textiles and other services into their own countries. With the invasion of NATO and US troops in Afghanistan, the situation was worse than ever before in the history of Pakistan. All of a sudden all the investors from Pakistan flew away taking all their capital and investment out of the country. Stock markets crashed as due to the war in Afghanistan, all the foreign investors were afraid of loosing their huge chunks of virtues; the virtues which in the end makes Pakistan generates heavy amounts of taxes being used as revenue for the state. There is a worse fiscal and monetary gridlock in the country after facing much socio-economic and political instability. (Burki, 2008) applies the political economic analysis of decision making processes in the donor country to the special case of US aid to Pakistan. Pakistan is not an extremely poor country but nevertheless, it is among the 5 major recipients of foreign aid. Over the last decades, Pakistans aid receipts show considerable shifts for which no obvious development related reasons can be provided. This calls for explanations related to reasons other than developmental efficiency which require a closer look at decision making processes on the donor side. Looking at the United States as the single most important bilateral donor, we draw upon earlier analyses of the effect of lobbying on congressional decision making. Numerous studies, like Coughlin (1985), Tosini and Tower (1987), Harper and Aldrich (1991), Marks (1993) and Baldwin and Magee (1998) empirically tested the hypothesis of domestic lobbies affecting congressional voting behavior with respect to US trade policy. A more recent stud y by Gawanda et al. (2004) also includes the effect of lobbies working for foreign principals, e.g., for foreign governments and foreign business groups. As a result, the external assistance Pakistan has been given was all on the basis of political interests of the donor countries and show minimal or negligible improvement in the economic and fiscal structure of the country. Over the years, the sums of aids and external debts have been getting a sky-high increase but the monetary situation is worse since 1947. He argues that there is a negative relation of aid and foreign debt with the economic uplift of a country, especially in Pakistan where the situation is quite different due to its involvement in war on terror, prevailing corruption, and no productivity due to energy crisis, Minimum subsidies and The IMFs impositions on the poor Pakistani. Results from ineffective use of the money show that unidirectional causality runs from the foreign exchange constraint to the budget deficit and then from the budget deficit to the external debt stock. Bi-directional causality was observed between foreign exchange requirements and the external debt stock. Chapter III 3.0 Theoretical Framework CHAPTER IV METHODOLOGY AND CHOICE OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE 4.1 Research type In order to conduct my research study the most suitable data I have gathered is secondary in nature collected from reliable and consistent data sources and no primary data has been collected, hence my study will be referred to as secondary research. 4.2 Data type Reference Period Data type is purely secondary in nature as no primary data has been acquired. Reference period for my research is from 1995-2009 Research Hypothesis 4.3.1 Basic Research Hypothesis First Hypothesis Ho: External aid and debt has a negative correlation with the GDP growth in Pakistan from 1995-2009 HA: External aid and debt has a positive correlation with the GDP growth in Pakistan from 1995-2009 Second Hypothesis Ho: Economic growth will not be continual by rising external debt and foreign aid to Pakistan HA: Economic growth will be continual by rising external debt and foreign aid to Pakistan 4.3.2 Statistical Hypothesis Grants as a percentage of GDP H0: To test the hypothesis that Grants as a percentage of GDP has no negative on External debt as a percentage of GGP H0:ÃŽÂ ²1=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Grants as a percentage of GDP has negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GGP H1:ÃŽÂ ²1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 Foreign Direct Investment H0: To test the hypothesis that FDI as a percentage of GDP has insignificant no negative on External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²2=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that FDI as a percentage of GDP has negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 Debt Servicing H0: To test the hypothesis that Debt servicing as a percentage of GDP has no positive impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²3=0 H1: To test the hypothesis Debt Servicing as a percentage of GDP has positive impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 Trade Deficit H0: To test the hypothesis that Trade Deficit as a percentage of GDP has no negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²4=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Trade Deficit as a percentage of GDP has negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²4à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 Fiscal Deficit H0: To test the hypothesis that Fiscal Deficit as a percentage of GDP has no negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²5=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Fiscal Deficit as a percentage of GDP P has negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²5à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 Saving Investment Gap H0: To test the hypothesis that Saving- Investment Gap as a percentage of GDP has no negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²6=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Saving- Investment Gap as a percentage of GDP P has negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²6à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 3.4.1 Variable reference list Dependent Variable External Debt as a percentage of GDP (Malik, 2010) Independent Variables Fiscal Deficit as a percentage of GDP* (Ashfaq, et al 1999) Foreign Direct Investment as a percentage of GDP* (Azam et al, 2009) Balance of Payment as a Percentage of GDP* (Loser, 1977) and (Malik et al, 2010) Exchange rate fluctuation (Mahmood et al , 2009) Capital Flight (Chipalkati , Rishi; 2009) Foreign Aid as a percentage of GDP* (Miles B. Cahill, Paul N. Isely) Saving-Investment Gap percentage of GDP (Malik, 2010) Debt Servicing percentage of GDP* (Clement, et al, 2009) Trade Deficit as a percentage of GDP* (Mohammad, 2010) Grants excluding technical assistance percentage of GDP* (Befekadu Degefe ) * as a percentage of GDP is used to gauge the variables in accordance to economic growth of Pakistan Information gathering and sampling procedures Data Sources The data sources for my research study are as follows: WDI Data reliability and internal consistency WDI is a renowned database developed by World Bank. The data from WDI is completely reliable to be used in the research. 3.4.4 Data analysis tools and techniques Multiple regression: To measure the increasing effect of independent variables on the dependent variable and to obtain a single regression line for all variables, which will be further used in hypothesis testing Granger Causality: The researcher would like to identify whether variation in a variable will enclose an impact on changes other variables Scatter Plots: Such plots will also be used for graphical representation of data. 4.1 Statistical Analysis Grants and External Debt Dependent Variable: External Debt as a Percentage of GDP Independent Variable: Grants excluding technical assistance as a percentage of GDP In this relation, the result is significant at 15% level. Keeping all other variables constant, one Dollar change in External debt as a percentage of GDP creates negative 3.83 Dollars in Grants excluding technical assistance (as a percentage of GDP). This is because in many underdeveloped parts of the world, Grants excluding technical assistance is used to finance much governmental expenditure. Also, such grants are also used in debt servicing. As a special case, Pakistan has been using such grants in the same manner. This is because Pakistan has been a key ally to The United States of America for War against Terrorism. The country has been paying much in the form of deficits in each governmental tool. Hence, the lesser Grants given to Pakistan, more piling of external debt will be apparent. T-stat for ÃŽÂ ²1 comes out to be 1.156; where T-Critical is 1.108 at 15% significant level. In this way, the research tends to reject H0, where Hypothesis is: H0: To test the hypothesis that Grants as a percentage of GDP has no negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GGP H0:ÃŽÂ ²1=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Grants as a percentage of GDP has negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GGP H1:ÃŽÂ ²1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 Grants and External Debt Dependent Variable: External Debt as a Percentage of GDP Independent Variable: Grants excluding technical assistance as a percentage of GDP In this relation, the result is significant at 15% level. Keeping all other variables constant, one Dollar change in External debt as a percentage of GDP creates negative 3.83 Dollars in Grants excluding technical assistance (as a percentage of GDP). This is because in many underdeveloped parts of the world, Grants excluding technical assistance is used to finance much governmental expenditure. Also, such grants are also used in debt servicing. As a special case, Pakistan has been using such grants in the same manner. This is because Pakistan has been a key ally to The United States of America for War against Terrorism. The country has been paying much in the form of deficits in each governmental tool. Hence, the lesser Grants given to Pakistan, more piling of external debt will be apparent. As the regression equation is: ÃŽÂ ± = 35.0 3.83 ÃŽÂ ²1 2.89 ÃŽÂ ²2 1.87 ÃŽÂ ²3 + 0.581 ÃŽÂ ²4 + 3.10 ÃŽÂ ²5 0.133 ÃŽÂ ²6 T-stat for ÃŽÂ ²1 comes out to be 1.156; where T-Critical is 1.108 at 15% significant level. In this way, the research tends to reject H0, where Hypothesis is: H0: To test the hypothesis that Grants as a percentage of GDP has positive impact on External debt as a percentage of GGP H0:ÃŽÂ ²1=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Grants as a percentage of GDP has negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GGP H1:ÃŽÂ ²1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 Grants and External Debt Dependent Variable: External Debt as a Percentage of GDP Independent Variable: FDI as a percentage of GDP H0: To test the hypothesis that FDI as a percentage of GDP has positive correlation with External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²2=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that FDI as a percentage of GDP has negative correlation with External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 As the regression equation is: ÃŽÂ ± = 35.0 3.83 ÃŽÂ ²1 2.89 ÃŽÂ ²2 1.87 ÃŽÂ ²3 + 0.581 ÃŽÂ ²4 + 3.10 ÃŽÂ ²5 0.133 ÃŽÂ ²6 It states that negative change of $ 2.89 in FDI (as a percentage of GDP) adds $ 1 External Debt (as a percentage of GDP. Hence, lesser the FDI, more is the external debt. On the other hand t-stat for ÃŽÂ ²2 is 1.824; where T-Critical is 1.108 at 15% significant level. Since t-stat is greater than t-critical, the researcher tends to reject the null hypothesis which states that FDI (as a percentage of GDP) as a negative correlation with external debt (as a percentage of GDP) Debt Servicing and External Debt Dependent Variable: External Debt as a Percentage of GDP Independent Variable: Debt Servicing as a percentage of GDP H0: To test the hypothesis that Debt servicing as a percentage of GDP has positive correlation with External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²3=0 H1: To test the hypothesis Debt Servicing as a percentage of GDP has negative correlation with External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 As the regression equation suggests: ÃŽÂ ± = 35.0 3.83 ÃŽÂ ²1 2.89 ÃŽÂ ²2 1.87 ÃŽÂ ²3 + 0.581 ÃŽÂ ²4 + 3.10 ÃŽÂ ²5 0.133 ÃŽÂ ²6 A negative change of $ 1.87 in Debt Servicing as a percentage of GDP adds $ 1 External Debt (as a percentage of GDP). Hence, lesser the debt retirement is, the more is the external debt piling is seen in Pakistan (1995-2009) On the other hand t-stat for ÃŽÂ ²3 is 1.442; where T-Critical is 1.108 at 15% significant level. Since t-stat is greater than t-critical, the researcher tends to reject the null hypothesis which states that Debt Servicing (as a percentage of GDP) as a negative correlation with external debt (as a percentage of GDP). Trade Deficit and External Debt Dependent Variable: External Debt as a Percentage of GDP Independent Variable: Trade Deficit as a percentage of GDP H0: To test the hypothesis that Trade Deficit as a percentage of GDP has a positive correlation with External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²4=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Trade Deficit as a percentage of GDP has a negative correlation with External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²4à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 The regression equation suggests that: ÃŽÂ ± = 35.0 3.83 ÃŽÂ ²1 2.89 ÃŽÂ ²2 1.87 ÃŽÂ ²3 + 0.581 ÃŽÂ ²4 + 3.10 ÃŽÂ ²5 0.133 ÃŽÂ ²6 $ 0.581 change in Trade Deficit (Trade deficit increases i.e. Imports>exports) as a percentage of GDP creates a positive change of $ 0.581 External debt as a percentage of GDP. Hence, greater the trade deficit is, the more is external debt evident in Pakistan (1995-2009) On the other hand t-stat for ÃŽÂ ²4 is 1.311; where T-Critical is 1.108 at 15% significant level. Since t-stat is greater than t-critical, the researcher tends to reject the null hypothesis which states that Trade Deficit (as a percentage of GDP) as a negative correlation with external debt (as a percentage of GDP). Grants and External Debt Dependent Variable: External Debt as a Percentage of GDP Independent Variable: Fiscal Deficit as a percentage of GDP H0: To test the hypothesis that Fiscal Deficit as a percentage of GDP has no negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²5=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Fiscal Deficit as a percentage of GDP P has negative impact on External debt as a percentage of GDP H1:ÃŽÂ ²5à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚  0 The regression equation suggests that: ÃŽÂ ± = 35.0 3.83 ÃŽÂ ²1 2.89 ÃŽÂ ²2 1.87 ÃŽÂ ²3 + 0.581 ÃŽÂ ²4 + 3.10 ÃŽÂ ²5 0.133 ÃŽÂ ²6 $3.10 change in Fiscal Deficit (i.e. Government Revenues > Government Expenses)as a percentage of GDP creates a positive change of $ 1.00 in Pakistans external debt. Hence, greater the fiscal deficit is, the more is external debt is in Pakistan during 1995-2009. On the other hand t-stat for ÃŽÂ ²4 is 1.834; where T-Critical is 1.108 at 15% significant level. Since t-stat is greater than t-critical, the researcher tends to reject the null hypothesis which states that Fiscal Deficit (as a percentage of GDP) as a negative correlation with external debt (as a percentage of GDP). Saving Investment Gap and External Debt Dependent Variable: External Debt as a Percentage of GDP Independent Variable: Saving Investment gap as a percentage of GDP H0: To test the hypothesis that Saving- Investment Gap as a percentage of GDP has positive correlation on External debt as a percentage of GDP H0:ÃŽÂ ²6=0 H1: To test the hypothesis that Saving- Investment Gap as a percentage of GDP P has negative correlation

Attractions And Culture Of Southall Cultural Studies Essay

Attractions And Culture Of Southall Cultural Studies Essay I have selected Southall as my case study. It is situated in London borough of Ealing, near Heathrow airport. It is well connected with major London stations via London over ground rail service. Southall is an area where more than 50% of population is from India and Pakistan or other Asian communities and it is commonly called as little India among the local people. This is a perfect example of diverse cultures, where local community from different religions and cultures live together. Some of the major attractions it offer to the visitors such as Southall Broadway, which is the main shopping street, where almost every range of products from Asian community can be found very easily. Variety of restaurants with multi- cuisines; magnetically attracts visitors, as original Indian curries and country taste is the speciality. Visitors can feel the colourful culture of Asia in very first visit to Southall. Many Gurudwaras (Religious temples of Sikh community) are located here and they attract many visitors from different parts of London and local people as well. One of Gurudwara named Sri Guru Singh Sabha (Largest Sikh temple situated outside India) called proud of Southall. Not only Gurudwaras but many Hindu temples, churches and mosques are also situated here and this whole atmosphere gives impression of a multi-religion community. During many festivals Southall has its own charm. As India is a country of festivals and colours, multiple religions have their own ideas of celebrations and Punjabi culture is the most famous and celebrating among all. Diwali, Holi, Dussera, Vaisakhi, Guru-Purab etc. are some of the celebration days. In Southall people celebrate these days similarly Christmas or New Year eve. There are hundreds of videos and pictures available online to get a feel of atmosphere around these special days. This place is famous among all Punjabi peoples around the globe due to its exceptionality. Many Hindi, Punjabi movies and various folk music artists has contributed much for this hype. While my own personal visits, I can rarely see English faces. Usually shopkeepers deals in their native language Punjabi. Influence of Punjabi in this area can be judged from Southall over ground station where English and Punjabi signposts are installed for convenience to locals. Picture below is of one of the signposts installed outside Southall over ground train station: Courtesy: www.thelangarhall.comwp-contentuploads200808SouthallLRsign.jpg No doubt about the diversified culture and landmarks located in Southall; still there is some lacking in its touristic popularity among non-Asian visitors. While this place has many attractions and interests, some techniques and marketing theories can be used to make it a well established destination. Through this case study and my personal observation, I would like to present some arguments regarding the limited popularity and suggestions for creativeness of this potential tourist destination (which can be a major attraction for all types of London visitors in coming future; if worked wisely upon market strategies). Also I would like to present market segmentation and market research tools for the future prospects of this place. Required parameters, appropriate communication mix and distribution channels are mentioned in the later part of this study. Distinctiveness, Segmentation, Target Market, Market Research Southall is unique and several benefits it can offer to the visitors. Little India would be used to provide various attractions to communities not only Asians but from other race as well. I want to provide you a glimpse of varieties and cultural experiences, which Southall is offering to current visitors and tourists: Distinctiveness: Southall became a residential community area in early 50s when the primary group of Asians arrived here, who was recruited to work in a local factory which was owned by an ex-British Indian Army officer. These South Asian inhabitants grew rapidly, due to the convenience of employment opportunities. Today Southall has a lot to offer to its people, I am providing few distinctive characteristics of this place which make it exceptional in terms of visitors experience: Religious Places: There are ten Sikh Gurdwaras in Southall, one of these Gurdwaras Sri Guru Singh Sabha (opened in 2003) is one of the biggest Sikh temples outside India as I have mentioned earlier in introduction part. There are two large Hindu temples, the Vishnu Hindu temple on Lady Margaret Road and the Ram temple in Old Southall. Number of churches like Roman Catholic, Methodist Anglican, Baptist etc. and three Muslim community mosques, one located on Southall Broadway and other located in Old Southall. These places provide a multi-cultural and religiously divine experience together at one destination. Shopping and Food: Main road in Southall is called the Broadway. Southall has major Asian shopping centre in London. Southall is also the site of the famous Glassy Junction public house, which serve a number of Indian draught beers and interesting fact to mention that it gives facility to accept payment in Indian currency. Southall has many famous restaurants e.g. Mirch Masala, Giftos Madhus, Chaudhrys TKC, TKC are well-known for the Chaudhrys Tiara which has a unique Pakistani bus for their business marketing. A large gas tower is also located in Southall, which is a well known landmark and visible from a long distance. Southall has its own local football club named as Southall F.C. and has a long history, having been formed more than hundred years ago. Courtesy: http://www.visitsouthall.co.uk/Local_Info/southall_tourist_map.php (Mentioned map give an idea of the famous landmark locations of Southall and visible that a diverse range of option is available to enjoy and experience here) Music and Films: Media played a well versed role for the popularity of Southall, Many Indo-British movies were setup here as shooting and script locations; some of them are Hindi film Jhoom Barabar Jhoom, internationally applauded movies Bend It Like Beckham and Bride and Prejudice. Couple of years back a famous Hindi movie has been made on Southall football club named as Goal. Not only movies but number of Punjabi music videos has been shot here and a lot of famous personalities from Indian cinema and Indian music industry accommodate themselves here. A local community radio station is serving Southall named Westside 89.6 FM and licensed by OfCom towards community-based radio services. Film Studio: One of the earliest British film studios Southall Studios played a historic role in British film-making from its creation in 1924 to its closure in 1959. In 1936 a fire destroyed the studio but it was rebuilt and enlarged. Several movies featuring well-known actors, plus an early TV series (Colonel March of Scotland Yard) were made at the studios together with TV and cinema adverts. (Web resources) Industrial Establishments: During the research, it has been found that there were many persons who made their impact as population of Southall. Otto Monsted, a Danish margarine producer, built a large factory at Southall in 1894. The factory also had its own railway sidings and branch canal. The Maypole Dairy Company was later acquired by Lever Brothers who, as part of the international Unilever Company, changed the site to a Walls Sausages factory which produced sausages and other meat products until the late 1970s. Business Factor: Quaker Oats (later part of Pepsi co) built a factory in Southall in 1936. Which later on taken by Spillers and Big Gear group. Engineering goods, paint, sugar puffs and food process factories are the main business developed here. (Web resources) These were some of the examples from its brief history which made an impact for their large businesses, till this date Southall provide a positive atmosphere for the businesses to grow, one of them is due to availability of the workforce form eastern countries. Mentioned are some of the major sources of attraction and brief historical events related to this place. Southall can simply provide an astonishing experience to the visitors. Diverse range of activities and people; makes it apart from Londons main stream tourism. Southall provides a strong example for Creative Tourism as it offers many valuable and unique experiences to the visitors. Market Segmentation Target Market As we have discussed that Southall provides a religiously enrich experience especially to Hindu and Sikh community and number of visitors are from this market segmentation (Based on special community services). Some visitors are from London region who wants to have a glimpse of Little India due to their special interests or eagerness. Shopping for some Indian items e.g. clothes, food items, entertainment sources, food and grocery products etc. also attract people from around as they are not easily available in other parts of city. Market segmentation is a essential part of any tourism destination study as: Segmentation groups tourists into segments based on similar characteristics. Targeting chooses from among these segments the one or more that are most likely to respond positively to a promotional messageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Kolb, 2006: 103) Target Market and Market Research: Above definition from Kolb describe the need of classification of the different target markets according to their characteristics and I observed from couple of visits about the market segments who comes to this place, mainly they are; Families- Parents with their children for shopping and leisure and to enjoy an atmosphere which relates them to their native hood. Individual Youngsters- who are involve in some part of industries and Southall Broadway (as part of work or to meet friends). Old age people from Asian (Indian Pakistani) ethnicity- for the purpose of their regular or timely visit to religious places. Societies of specialist interests- mainly these societies are from cultural perspectives who visit for their special interests. Shoppers- Mainly females who are interested in Asian ethnic clothing or fashion. Domestic tourists- from Asian ethnicity, who are travelling to UK or London have their interest to visit this famous (among them) place or to meet family or friends or due to publicity created by media (Films and music) These are some of the major categories of visitors who choose Southall as their destination for various reasons as applicable. Doing a market research is necessary due to the vulnerability of tourism and; The more an organisation knows about its customers and prospective customers their needs and desires, their attitudes and behaviour- the better it will be able to design and is required to stimulate their purchasing decisions. (Middleton with Clarke, 2001) Same categories are the perspective Target Markets and it can be enhanced more by implementation of accurate market research and tourism marketing. Further in next part of this case study I would like to present the appropriate communications mix and distribution channels. Which are currently, used for promotions of Southall and to attract visitors. Communications Mix and Distribution Channels I have accessed a few websites available online for information on Southall and for current activities going on here but sad part is; this place is no where suitably accessed in detail on the web, whereas on the other hand I cant find appropriate printed materials (flyers or brochures) as well. This is the key point which strikes my mind that why this place is not so famous in other communities or London visitors and narrowed only to the local communities living here. Present Promotional Materials: I observed that word to mouth is the only active part of promotions happening for this place by local communities and this is the major reason why rest of the people are staying apart to access this unique destination. Why websites are not playing a valuable role. When searched in detail, I found that few websites which are available are not actually attracting any new breed of visitors and not many promotions are available on the air. WEBSITES- Few websites I have mentioned below are the only available sources to get information (which are also not satisfying the requirement of a visitor) and I tried to give a brief synopsis about what information they contain and what is lacking as an appropriate first source of knowledge: http://southallpride.wordpress.com/ This website is more like a blog site, where no information about the place is provided, although this site boasts of a community help provider but it focuses only on the events and news going on in the certain part. I observed about currently ongoing issues in Southall by this site and some of them were interesting e.g. Drug peddling in Southall, Protest from the local residents against councils support regarding excessive number of gambling and drinking places. I believe these types of websites are more informative to the local people or persons with specific interests, but to a tourist. This website can be used as a successful channel as it contains local community perspective and helps to inform residents regarding the hot-issues around. If publicised and regenerated with vast amount of information on positive qualities as well, it can play a major role in development of Southall as a tourist place to visitors from all communities. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southall Wikipedia is a well known website to access basic information about anything or place, but in my opinion this is also not of much interest towards visitors regeneration in Southall. Wikipedia is containing huge amount of information on history, basic culture or characteristics, but if a higher level of information is required, it might be an adversity as it is not a reliable or trusted source of information; the reason is anyone can update or edit the information; hence authenticity of the data is a question. My personal opinion towards this website is not very supportive but still when no other sources are available, at least this websites provides preliminary information. http://www.visitsouthall.co.uk/ Visit Southall is another website with less information. This website is more of an advertisement website than a visitors informative resource. On the opening home page there are number of small adverts from local businesses and a very short note describes Southall. Other relative links takes through the different options e.g. businesses, hotels, shopping, restaurants etc. some of them are useful and some not. This website is more like a local directory with address and phone numbers mentioned on it by various business links. This website, as the link says Visit Southall can be a medium for providing all sort of information and visual material to attract more visitors. But as this website is poorly made; it is of not much use. It requires a complete makeover and can be very successful if different contents like pictures, visual graphics, music or other attractive mediums added to it. Further it requires publicity upon various social networking website s or advertisement through various other media channels. Thereafter I tried to focus on the future prospective in terms of marketing elements to be used in promoting Southall as a distinctive place for visitors from all over. I believe that by now this report has justified the uniqueness of Southall and also provided a sense of experience one can get by visiting. Being diverse and such culturally enriched, still there are many factors and drawbacks which stopped it to grow and reach to the visitors checklist. In further portion of this report I would like to suggest few elements of communications mix to support from marketing point of view. Communication Mix: There are certain requirements for marketing. If Southall needs to improve and rise up as a tourism destination, it is necessary to implement mentioned elements: Branding: Its the process of communicating the visitor the image of the destination, along with features, benefits it has to offer (Kolb, 2006, 219) In my opinion every successful destination has its branding and it actually affect the number of visitors. Branding helps to clarify the destinations personality and more effectively branding works as a powerful tool on peoples mind and gives to its visitor a sense of speciality. But question arise what are the tools to be used as branding? In brief they consist of slogans, logos, icons and imagery. It is essential that these tools must represent a theme and relates to the destination. In case of Southall, it has number of events and festivals which can be easily used as a tool of branding events and can be helpful for its popularity. the key to creating a brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is to be able to choose a name, logo, symbol, package design, or other attribute that identifies a product and distinguishes it from others (Hem and Iversen, 2004) Along with branding Southall requires excellent level of advertising, as after creating a brand it has to spread out to point of contact with future visitors or potential consumers. Advertising: is without a doubt a biggest tool for promotion, whether product is tangible or intangible. In terms of popularity, Southall definitely require an advertising policy in which diversified culture, colourful atmosphere, delicious food and many other specialities can be promoted as unique experiences. Advertising is a tool which contains perfect communications mix for promotion, and it can reach out to mass rather than personal selling or one to one relations. Although each tool have its own limitations and restrictions, but in my opinion Southall can become superior destination by the help of appropriate branding and advertising. Advertising has various characteristics and it can influence mentioned categories: Persuade new customers (Visitors) for product (Destination) Keep bonding with existing customers Spread awareness among mass population Keeps increasing the reputation for the product Can be used through various mediums at once (TV, Media, Posters, Web Adverts etc.) Influential and less time consuming in comparison to personal relations Further Advertising can be studied and distributed, as it should represent awareness, interest, goal or desire (outcome of advertising) must be decided and action to be made according to conditions demand. This theory is defined as AIDA: Awareness, Interest, Desire and Action. Employing Advertising with Southall: Mentioned are the few beneficial key points by advertising. I am not denying the use of other communications mix but according to the situation and positioning of Southall, I strongly believe that Advertising and Branding will help at major levels. Although some more techniques like; personal selling, public relations or sales support etc. can also be added and implement all together but feasibly these other techniques or tools can be employed by the success or failure of a single tool. Reflection/Conclusion: London is a vast city which accommodates numerous culture and people; by personal experience, I can say that this is one of the most diversified cities in the world. If we look at Londons own personal selling and destination marketing, London has made a mark and is a perfect example for the rest of the world. London has proven a tremendous success when it comes for branding a city. This must be a reason why London has got such diversified areas and destinations inside its own territory. London seems to be a small continent with such vast contrast and variety in between its own people and places. Southall, which grew up and categorised itself as a specific community location, needs special attention. Even if we apart Asian communitys colours, still it has got many other interests and attractions. When we add both; diverse cultural experience with its elegance; it creates a different level experience for its visitors. It consists of many characteristics and attractions, which is a perfect blend of enrich distinctiveness. Future target markets and research we have discussed to get an overview before implementation of any marketing planning. How websites or other media are helpful and in which areas they are lacking behind, we have observe from few examples. What attract people and how to reach out to distinctive and new consumers we argued in the later part. I believe that Southall is representing an important part of diverse London. Although it has been misinterpret by people and other communities but it has got a potential to be an iconic and one of the must visit places. By my observations and research I found that there is some lacking of appropriate marketing approach towards its popularity. If council, private organisations and communities of this place support each other, Southall can be added in undivided parts of Londons famous places.

bias or not? :: essays research papers fc

Bias or Not? The most political news story that is being reported on these past few weeks has been the nomination and debate over President Bush’s nomination of John R. Bolton to be ambassador to the United Nations. One of the most watched and influential news channels, CNN has been following this routine story closely. The President nominated Bolton in March of 2005 but the Senate has been delaying the vote of the nominee for several weeks. The story on CNN was headlined Vote to end debate on Bolton fails. Though the story did discuss that it was mostly the Democrats that were causing the delay in the vote the channel also stated that their were some republicans that did not agree with the nomination. The channel tried to stand by the facts but the story did seem to state that it was the Democrats that voted against closing the debate. The story did seem slanted when discussing the issue over the Democrats wanting to obtain access to information about Bolton and Syria. The channel st ated that the was good and bipartisanship until the Democrats resorted back to a partisan approach. This seemed slante because throughout the debate both the Republicans and Democrats have been resorting to a partisan approach. Despite the slight slant ness in some of the story the primary contents of the story did stick to the facts and remained bias. Democrats Mull Politicizing Iraq War Intelligence this article found on the Fox News Channel in November of 2003 is an insider story. The following story discusses a informal memo was found concerning the planning and timing of a possible investigation into pre- war Iraq Intelligence. The memo suggested that Democrats "prepare to launch an investigation when it becomes clear we have exhausted the opportunity to usefully collaborate with the [Senate] majority.† Then the story goes on further to discuss how upset the Senates Republicans were by the leak but especially by the memo itself. A republican Senator went as far as saying that the â€Å"Democrats intended to politicize what should have been bipartisan†. Such comments seemed to elude that the Democrats were at fault for thinking of conducting investigation but that was not the matter at hand. The matter was the leak of a memo was a draft that had not even been approved. Lawmaker Hopes to Open Churches to P olitical Speech this headline on Fox News refers to a bill that Representative Walter Jones of North Carolina has introduced the Houses of Worship Free Speech Restoration Act of 2005

The Theme of Humanity in the Time Machine Essay -- H.G. Wells Time Mac

The Theme of Humanity in the Time Machine H.G Wells was born in Bromley Kent on the 21st September 1866. He had attended school called Midhurst Grammar in 1883, soon after he had gone to the normal school of science in London. There he had learned biology, which could lead to why he had written science fiction novels. He had left the school without the qualifications to become a writer. He began his career as a writer in 1893 and then continued to create stories, such as the Time Machine. H.G Wells had studied the fourth dimension as he felt very strongly about this issue. The fourth dimension was about moving back and fourth in time. H.G wells had tried to create his own time machine. He had stated â€Å"anyone enters the fourth dimension must have extension†. Another way of looking at the fourth dimension is just looking at time. H.G Wells was always looking into the future and had come across many theories which he had expanded on. H.G Wells was attracted to the future. He thought there should be a division, doom and salvation. He had predicted the 20th century precisely; that the streets would be overflowing, a new deadlier weapon of mass destruction would exist and the creation of bigger buildings. H.G Wells had hated the difference between the rich and the poor as he felt that this gap between them was growing. In his childhood H.G Wells was classed as being part of the poorer community, because his mum and dad were both domestic servants. In the Victorian days domestic servants was looked down upon. He strongly disagreed with the Victorian society that he joined in political parties against them. As he aged he became part of the upper class community. From his experiences of both divisions... ...ich is why they didn’t want to learn the English language. The time traveller found this difficult to overcome because in the Victorian times they was accomplishing and trying to discover more. The time traveller then continues travelling into the future, and he could see the earth ending because of the effects of global warming. The global warming had not even been discovered in the Victorian times and yet H.G Wells was thinking forward once again. The time traveller then returns home he won’t sit down to dinner with his friends until he has had a wash because in the Victorian times this is what they considered to be in a lower class, not being clean. Throughout this essay I have explored the humanity in the time machine and have related it to the social and historical influences that would have affected H.G Wells at the time it was written. The Theme of Humanity in the Time Machine Essay -- H.G. Wells Time Mac The Theme of Humanity in the Time Machine H.G Wells was born in Bromley Kent on the 21st September 1866. He had attended school called Midhurst Grammar in 1883, soon after he had gone to the normal school of science in London. There he had learned biology, which could lead to why he had written science fiction novels. He had left the school without the qualifications to become a writer. He began his career as a writer in 1893 and then continued to create stories, such as the Time Machine. H.G Wells had studied the fourth dimension as he felt very strongly about this issue. The fourth dimension was about moving back and fourth in time. H.G wells had tried to create his own time machine. He had stated â€Å"anyone enters the fourth dimension must have extension†. Another way of looking at the fourth dimension is just looking at time. H.G Wells was always looking into the future and had come across many theories which he had expanded on. H.G Wells was attracted to the future. He thought there should be a division, doom and salvation. He had predicted the 20th century precisely; that the streets would be overflowing, a new deadlier weapon of mass destruction would exist and the creation of bigger buildings. H.G Wells had hated the difference between the rich and the poor as he felt that this gap between them was growing. In his childhood H.G Wells was classed as being part of the poorer community, because his mum and dad were both domestic servants. In the Victorian days domestic servants was looked down upon. He strongly disagreed with the Victorian society that he joined in political parties against them. As he aged he became part of the upper class community. From his experiences of both divisions... ...ich is why they didn’t want to learn the English language. The time traveller found this difficult to overcome because in the Victorian times they was accomplishing and trying to discover more. The time traveller then continues travelling into the future, and he could see the earth ending because of the effects of global warming. The global warming had not even been discovered in the Victorian times and yet H.G Wells was thinking forward once again. The time traveller then returns home he won’t sit down to dinner with his friends until he has had a wash because in the Victorian times this is what they considered to be in a lower class, not being clean. Throughout this essay I have explored the humanity in the time machine and have related it to the social and historical influences that would have affected H.G Wells at the time it was written.