Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Starbucks - Essay Example The organization sources around half of its beans from South America, 35% from the Pacific Rim, and 15% from East Africa. The organization picks its area cautiously so as to guarantee the most extreme client traffic conceivable. The firm appreciates a colossal upper hand as far as reach because of the way that the firm has 16,635 establishments around the world. The land technique centers around adaptability which permits the firm’s retail locations to fit in a zone including corners, trapezoids, or triangles. The firm has constructed a gigantic corporate culture by enabling its representatives. The representatives of the organization are alluded to as baristas. The firm advances assorted variety among its staff. â€Å"As accomplices, we grasp decent variety to make a spot every one of us can be ourselves† (Starbucks). The partnership understands that its workers are a basic achievement factor that empowers the firm to offer its client a novel encounter. A portion of th e core values of the company’s culture incorporate giving an extraordinary workplace, applying the best quality of greatness, fulfilling the client, and perceiving gainfulness is basic to the future accomplishment of the business. Starbucks has a huge assortment of tasty espressos hot beverages. The baristas have the opportunity to alter the client beverages to agree to the necessities.

Policy Analysis Process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arrangement Analysis Process - Research Paper Example at the presentation of this new arrangement with respect to the medicinal services industry of the US is attainable; still, the viability of this technique over the long haul can't be ensured. The adequacy of social insurance administrations is one of the significant difficulties that the legislature of the USA needs to confront. As the decades progressed, a progression of plans have been created to determine the issue. In any case, every one of these plans have been demonstrated improper for upgrading the nature of the country’s social insurance administrations. The particular point is significant at the level that it is identified with the introduction of an approach that can aid the improvement of social insurance administrations conveyance in the USA. Along these lines, the essentialness of this theme is high. As effectively noticed, this investigation centers around the assessment of the potential impact of ‘payment for performance’ arrangements on the nature of social insurance administrations conveyance in the USA. All together for the system and the objectives of this investigation to be comprehended it is fundamental that the basic terms of the paper are clarified. In this specific circumstance, ‘payment for performance’, referred to likewise as worth based installment (Berenson, 2010, p.1), is a term utilized for mirroring the accompanying condition †inside every social insurance organization, the staff is paid dependent on the quality and not on the volume of administrations gave (Berenson, 2010, p.1). Another term which is exceptionally identified with this paper is the term ‘quality’. The job of value in the medicinal services arrangement of the USA is depicted in the investigation of Jiang, Pang and Savin (2011). In the above investigation it is clarified that quality has gotten a basic trait of current human services frameworks (Jiang, Pang, and Savin, 2011). The term ‘quality’ in the above case reflects two significant qualities: a) the availability of medicinal services benefits by individuals of various money related status and b) the ‘clinical results of human services services’ (Jiang, Pang, and Savin, 2011, p.1). The key partners as to the subject of this

An Example of Narrative Essay Topics For Your College Application

An Example of Narrative Essay Topics For Your College ApplicationThis article will give you an example of narrative essay topics for your own college application. The first one is an overview of natural disasters that have led to the downfall of many businesses and even entire nations. This topic is relevant as it is a natural disaster that is happening on a regular basis, but also is not something that is a modern day tragedy. It is still considered a bad thing, because human lives are lost, and society has to adapt to the new normal.Natural disasters can be a great way to challenge yourself in an essay, but they are not necessarily indicative of your future in life. The second topic is connected to addiction, and the subject could be anything from abuse of prescription medications to abuse of illegal drugs. This is something that does happen quite often, but there are others that are far more serious than an occasional problem.Alcohol and drug abuse is a great way to show that you have a grasp of the topic. The third example of narrative essay topics would be a medical term, and this can relate to your medical background or what you will be doing after college. This topic can also be used as a way to show how you are prepared for college.The fourth example of narrative essay topics will show a personal experience. This is a great way to show that you care about other people and are interested in their feelings. The fifth example is something that could be found anywhere in the world. This topic is from China and deals with corruption in that country.Most of the problems that people face in China are related to money, and there is a great deal of corruption that goes along with making money. There is also a great deal of work ethic that is lacking in most Chinese. The sixth example of narrative essay topics is not something that anyone wants to be a part of, but something that can be a challenge in one'slife.This is a traumatic experience and can be difficult to handle. The seventh example of narrative essay topics would be about a home based business. This is something that many people look forward to as a way to make some extra money and make ends meet.If you are a writer, this is something that you want to write about and have something to say. The eighth example of narrative essay topics would be something that are not difficult to grasp, but is something that is not common or everyday. You might be surprised at how few people think about making a living in a garage or basement.A garage is a good idea for this topic, and also gives you a great place to work in. The ninth example of narrative essay topics is another quick and easy way to show that you have interest in the topic. Most people in the United States of America would be aware of financial problems in recent years, and this is a natural way to show that you are an educated person on the subject.

Analysis Of The Book Paper Tigers By Wesley Yang

Lock of Intelligence or Race â€Å"Paper Tigers† essay by Wesley Yang in his article he describes how Asian Americans are seen as incompetent to participate with white people in real life situations. Yang claims that the cause of this situation is that that the white people do not have personal barriers as Asian Americans have. Most individuals who peruse Yang’s essay found the information in his essay unhelpful and embarrassing. In the article, the author expressed his unhappiness regarding the perception of his face by others to his facial outlook. The author is an Asian self-critical and exclusively points to know he has wrong things according to stereotypes. In the begging of the article Yang indicates his unhappiness being an Asian American ethnicity. Moreover, he compares himself having a reptilian face. He claims â€Å"an expression that is nearly reptilian in its impassivity† (Yang 1). Everything that he says about himself is self-critiquing and self-blaming. This seems like being a very good indication of someone who has an identity crisis and how he defines his race. On the other hand, Olson has defined the race as two general groups white and black, distinct from one another only by the color of the complexion and biological differences. The purpose of this paper is to give insight on the relationship between â€Å"The end of race† by Olson and â€Å"Paper Tigers† by Yang, and how they both defined the race in their point of view. Olson suggests that biologically we are basicallyShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, noRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge

Business Communication - Legal and Ethical Issues - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2003 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Unit 4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Business Communication Assignment 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Legal and Ethical issues Task 4 Data Protection Act 1998 Businesses store information about people inside their organisation. The Data Protection Act protects the information held about people from being misused. The information stored must be: Obtained fairly and lawfully Used only for the purposes stated during collection Adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the intended use Accurate and up to date Not kept for longer than necessary Processed in line with your rights Subject to procedures to prevent unlawful processing, accidental loss, destruction and damage to personal data Protected from transfer to an area outside the European Economy Area unless adequate protection exists for that data in the area This act means that Trinity Communications canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t use anyoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal details without consent from the actual person. For example, they canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t give out someoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s address or date of birth unless they have permission from that person. If they do keep information on customers or members, they have to make sure that the information is secure in a protected database so that strangers canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t randomly access it. Trinity Communications has to ensure that they have a back up of all personal information just in case the original data gets corrupted or deleted. If Trinity Communications donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t adhere to the Data Protection Act, they could face nine fines totaling  £1,120,000. Computer Misuse Act This is a law in the UK that legislates against certain activities using computers, such as hacking into other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s systems, misusing software or helping a person to ga in access to protected files on someone elseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s computer. The Computer Misuse Act is split into three sections: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Communication Legal and Ethical Issues" essay for you Create order Unauthorised access to computer material Unauthorised access to computer systems with intent to commit another offence Unauthorised modification of computer material This act means that Trinity Communications canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t use illegal pirates of software or any form of program. Theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re not allowed to access other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s computer data without permission. Theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re not allowed to use unauthorised data as a form of blackmail. It is illegal for Trinity Communications to gain access to a computers data with the intention of altering or deleting it. In addition Trinity Communications cannot plant viruses. If Trinity Communications fail to adhere to this Act, they could face two types of penalties, summary and indictment. Summary penalty can land trinity Communications into prison for 12 months or a fine of up to the statutory maximum. Indictment penalty can land Trinity Communications into prison for 2 years and/or a fine. Freedom of Information Act This Act provides individuals and organisations with the right to request information held by a public authority. The public authority mus t tell the applicant whether it holds the information, which it must supply within 20 working days. There are some exemptions to this Act. E.g. If the cost of a request for information exceeds an appropriate limit, the public authority may decide to decline the request because they might opt to serve a greater public interest. If there is a dispute, Commissionerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Office may investigate and deem whether the information should be released or not. Trinity Communications must treat all requests for information equally, they must consider any information they release as if it was being released to the world at large. Trinity Communications cannot, fail to respond adequately to a request for information, fail to adopt the model publication scheme, fail to publish the correct information, deliberately destroy, hide or alter requested information to prevent it being released. If Trinity Communications fail to adhere with this Act, they would be committing a criminal off ence which could land them in prison. Copyright Act Copyright gives the creators of some types of media rights to control how theyre used and distributed. For example, when you buy software, Copyright Act forbids you from: giving a copy to a friend, making a copy and then selling it, using the software on a network (unless the license allows it) and renting the software without permission of the copyright holder. This Act means that Trinity Communications must have a valid copy of any software they decide to buy. They cannot sell original copies of purchased software to another party; if Trinity Communications fail to do this, fines from  £200  £150,000 for each work infringed and jail time. Discrimination Act The Act simplifies, strengthens and harmonises the current legislation to provide Britain with a new discrimination law which protects individuals from unfair treatment and promotes a fair and more equal society. The nine main pieces of legisla tion that have merged are: The Equal Pay Act 1970 The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Race Relations Act 1976 The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 The Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003 The Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 The Equality Act 2006, Part 2 The Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007 This Act means that Trinity Communications cannot discriminate to anyone in any form or way; this can range from pictures to words and even verbal abuse. Theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re not allowed to harass and victimise anyone in the basis of age, disability, gender, race, religion or belief. They must treat everyone equally regardless. If Trinity Communications fail to suffice to this law, they could face time in prison and heavy fine. Business Ethics These are moral principles concerning acceptable and unacceptable behaviour by businesses. There are cod es of practice in an organisation to maintain business ethics on: the use of emails, internet, whistle-blowing, organisational policies and information ownership. Trinity Communications canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t use email to send large documents/attachments, especially to large numbers of people; this will stop information/personal data from being leaked into the wrong hands. Trinity Communications shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t use emails as a substitute for face-face/telephone communication with colleagues because it is important to maintain a good interpersonal relationship with colleagues. In regards to the internet, there are many codes of practice what Trinity Communications can and cannot use the internet for. There are lots of codes of practice in regards to selling on the internet that Trinity Communications has to follow. Whistle-blowing is an employee who raises concern about a businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s practice, either inside or outside the organisation. The concern may relate to fraud, crime, danger, or any other serious risk that could impact on customers, colleagues, shareholders, the public, the environment or the organisations reputation. Whistle-blowers may receive legal protection through the Public Interest Disclosure Act. Organisations may have many policies to ensure that their businesses practices with regard to information can be done more ethically. This could be anything from how they manage information to ensuring marketing and other business practices are fair and just. Information Ownership is simple à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" if you create information in your day-to-day work, then you should be responsible for it. E.g. writing a report following a member of staffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s annual review. This report is confidential to some degree and should only be viewed by a select group of people. Trinity Communications canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t show this information to anyone outside the selected group. As the information owner, Trinity C ommunications would be responsible for protecting this document to an appropriate degree. Organisations have to store and manage countless pieces of information, some being far more important than others. At the heart of any information systems are two fundamental issues ensuring that: the organisation receives the information it requires and the appropriate member(s) of staff receive the information. To make sure that information is managed appropriately, a number of procedures and policies have to be put in place, concerning: security of information, backups, health and safety, organisational policies and business continuance plans. Security Information Much information security management focuses upon digital data; however, the subject also covers records and knowledge management. It is important for businesses like Trinity Communications to have the right information available as and when they need it, in order to make good business decisions. For this reason, many c ompanies keep their information on IT systems, but as reliance on technology increases, so does the risk posed by system failure and malicious attacks e.g. viruses. The IT security policy should take into account the common risks to the information that their business relies upon. This policy might include secure login identification for using IT systems and controls that limit access to information. Backups Large businesses have developed business continuity programmes to try and minimise the risk of losing vital business information stored on IT servers. For Trinity Communications this should involve producing backups of information stored on the servers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" some companies will create a backup every hour, while others will do this less frequently. This means that if live information is destroyed or damaged, a copy of this will be available on the backup services enabling a company to continue with as little disruption as possible. Backups are normally stored o n separate hardware from the live versions of the information to ensure theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re protected. This means that if the live version corrupts, the backup data wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t corrupt along with it. Health and Safety It is very unlikely that computer equipment will be dangerous in itself; it can be used in ways that can be hazardous to the health of staff. Many office workers spend a lot of their time working at their desk, on a computer. Bad posture, incorrect positioning of equipment and susceptibility to repetitive strain injury are health and safety risks that employers like Trinity Communications are required to take seriously. The health and safety, management of health and safety at work regulations, provision and use of work equipment regulations and the work place legislations act all legislate to the use of computer equipment and Trinity Communications will have to take these seriously or face penalties. Employers need to carry out regular workstatio n assessments to make sure that computer screens are at the right level etc. If an employer suffers from repetitive strain injury, they may be provided with ergonomic equipment. Organisational Policies Organisational policies that relate to the use of business information can help make sure that decisions affecting staff: are understandable and consistent, meet the legal requirements, take full account of their impact and contribute to productive working relationships. These policies help Trinity Communications help make sure that staff has guidance to help them comply with legislation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" e.g. usage of customer data should work with the requirements of the Data Protection Act. These policies also make sure that Trinity Communications make consistent decisions which are important in internal communications. Business Continuance Plans These are steps that a company like Trinity Communications puts in place to make sure it is capable of surviving a worst-cas e scenario. One step in this programme might include making regular backups of its information. The business might consider environmental factors like accidents or natural disasters like flooding or fire. As a result of this plan, employees may need to change the way they work à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for example, storing information on a central server rather than on their personal hard drive. Costs Most businesses would see the benefit of implementing some, if not all of the measures listed. However, many aspects of information management can cost money, for example, while it may be desirable to store backup copies of electronic information on a remote server, a small business might not be able to afford this. When deciding what policies to adopt and measures to take, Trinity Communications need to consider the implementation and maintenance costs versus the benefits to the organisation. Some key considerations are: additional resources needed (would the business need to purchase new equipment or employ additional staff) and cost of the development (is there a solution already available or will the company need to develop it themselves, e.g. as an off the shelf product or a service). There are many consequences of increasing reliance on technology and increasing the complexity of that technology is that employees need to be trained to use the equipment and software required to do their job; this will increase the costs of increasing sophistication.

False Memories Of Sexual Abuse - 2089 Words

False memory is a term for the event of an individual remembering information or events they were not exposed to. Jerwen and Flores (2013) defined it as the creation of a memory about an event that an individual did not experience. They point out, â€Å"although not being able to remember something is a memory problem, ‘remembering’ something that did not happen can be as serious a problem.† The seriousness of this problem is exemplified in the cases of individuals creating false memories of sexual abuse as a result of therapy. These types of events caused vast amounts of research to be done on the topic. The Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been one of the most popular in false memory research and it continues to be a topic of interest today. A search of â€Å"DRM† in all text and â€Å"False Memory† in subject terms, using PsycINFO, gave results of 560 peer-reviewed articles published in research journals within the last five years (2011-2016). There have been critics of the usefulness of the DRM paradigm. I want to bring their issues to light and attempt to persuade that the DRM paradigm is limited in the evidence it can add to the false memory research and suggest alternative paradigms. The Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) Paradigm The DRM is of the most commonly used paradigms of inducing false memories for research. It was created when Roediger and McDermott’s (1995) improved a technique and resources first employed by Deese (1959) in a memory study to study false memory.Show MoreRelatedThe Validity of Recovered Memories1685 Words   |  7 PagesDefense Paper One: The Validity of Recovered Memories The sudden recovery of repressed memories from a traumatic event such as childhood sexual abuse can be both validating and confusing for clients that are seeking help with various problems. These new memories might be able to help client identify the cause of their feelings and issues that are affecting their life. However for others it can be a very difficult time because of the conflicting emotions about the abuser. Worst of all when dealingRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children1373 Words   |  6 PagesMemory is the blueprint of an individual’s development and growth. Repeated experiences of things taken granted – such as learning to walk and learning to speak and write to express oneself – become encoded to ensure a smooth flow of information that help us adapt to the environment. However, children’s exposure to environmental stressors, depending on the exposure frequency and intensity, may impair the normal development of memory in c hildren. This paper will evaluate the role of child maltreatmentRead MoreMemories Are Highly Complex, Overly Malleable, And Immensely Mistaken1426 Words   |  6 PagesSaipriya Sagiraju Psych 392A-Section 7 Ben Pawlish November 16, 2015 Title Memories are highly complex, overly malleable, and immensely mistaken. Thesis: Children are un trust worthy because of this, this, and this. Main ideas Form childhood, people are raised knowing that lying to cover up their mistakes is unacceptable, and that they should always tell the truth. However, when children start attending school they also start developing white lies due to â€Å"anti- and pro social purposes.† ThisRead More False Memory Syndrome Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesFalse Memory Syndrome How accurate and reliable is memory? Studies on memory have shown that we often construct our memories after the fact, that we are susceptible to suggestions from others that will help us fill in the gaps in our memories (Carroll 6). Prior to reading and discussing the issue of False Memory Syndrome, I hadn’t thought much about the topic. Maybe a person who had experienced this would be more educated. I did however find it very interesting to research and my beliefsRead MoreThe Repressed Mind Of Victims That The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )956 Words   |  4 PagesResearchers, J. Douglas Bremner, Katherine Krause Shobe and John K. Kihlstrom establish in their study on the repressed mind of victims that the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that women of childhood sexual abuse exhibited poorer memory for words that had been recently studied and increased insertions of alternative words other than critical lures (Bremner, Shobe, Kihlstrom, 2000). Post-trauma tic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the Mayo Clinic, Is a mental health condition that s triggeredRead MoreThe Role Of Forensic Interviews On Children s Capacities And Limitations1625 Words   |  7 Pagesit’s usually about being victims of child abuse and neglect. Child abuse has been around for centuries, but wasn’t addressed as an injustice to children until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. However, annually in the United States nearly 3.5 million investigations are involved with suspected child maltreatment (Lamb, Rooy, Malloy Katz, 2011). Prior to the 1970s, child witness testimony was excluded because research found that children have poor memory, which turned out to be untrue. YoungRead MoreChild Witnesses Realism, By Carl Allwood, Par Granhag And Anna Carin Jonsson1644 Words   |  7 Pagesof 11 to 12-year-olds when they had to answer questions after watching a brief kidnapping video. Children are often used as witnesses during a legal investig ation and during the trial. Children are regularly asked how confident they are in their memories, and the jurors rely massively on the child’s certainty of their testimony. â€Å"Eyewitnesses are often mistaken, and previous research has concluded that a mistaken eyewitness’ testimony is the single largest cause of jury convictions of innocent people†Read MoreMemory757 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle mentioned states that there is still controversy and studies being conducted in reference to the memory of childhood abuse. Do repressed memories actually surface at some point in time? That is the question that the researchers are addressing in this article. The research is stated as being hard to discuss because it’s not a practice to subject a victim of abuse to tests to uncover the memories. It could prove to be quite traumatic. So researchers are trying to find other ways to develop theirRead MoreShould Sex Offenders Be Castrated? Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagestoilet. Ever since, this prisoner has stated that he has had no sexual desires or urges. When it comes to physical vs. chemical castration, I feel physical castration is the way to go. Some people argue physical castration is much more horrendous than chemical castration, and that may be true, but I feel the punishment should fit the crime. If you are going to act like a vicious animal, then you should be treated like one. Victims of sexual harassment, assault, and rape will never recover from thatRead More Multiple Personality Disorder (Dissociative Identity Disorder)735 Words   |  3 Pagesmuch attention through such accounts as Sybil and The Three Faces of Eve. Multiple Personality Disorder, caused from severe and inhuman sexual, physical, and mental abuse, affects the individuals consciousness and in turn creates altar selves. Categorized into three different groups, altar selves serve as a safety net for the individual, taking the memories out of the conscious mind and walling off the unwanted recollections. Interestingly, altar selves maintain different abilities, ages, dislikes

Marketing Analysis of the Eco Store

Question: Describe the Report for Marketing Analysis of the Eco Store. Answer: Introduction Marketing is a way of communication companies product in the market. It is associated with the buying and selling process of a product in the market. Significantly, it includes few major activities such as advertising, selling and distribution of products. The set of the marketing activities is also known as the name of the marketing mix. An effective marketing strategy focuses on the market positioning of the company and its competitors with their marketing strategies in order to achieve the competitive advantage and market share (Helm and Gritsch, 2014). The concept of the marketing or marketing mix can be understood better through this report. It includes marketing analysis of Eco Store. Marketing background of the company The company Eco Store was started by Malcolm Rands with his wife Melanie in the year 1993 in New Zealand. Its the New Zealand Company which is manufacturing its products in Auckland with the motive of the safe environment and healthier people. It used organic and sustainable gardening practices. As a result, Eco Store was formed as it decided to work for the healthier products, without the unnecessary chemicals present in them (Rands, 2016). Its main focus was on health and loyalty towards the customers. Eco Store also made conscious decision in order to become a marketing-led business, for building up the marketing team from one to six people in New Zealand. Its main products are Organic Food, Organic Vegetables, Organic Gardening Supplies, Natural Cosmetics, Handmade jewelry and Art Craft. Eco Store brand is defined as human nature, which acknowledges and celebrates the interdependency of the environment. The market position of Eco Store is that it expanded over range of 100 products throughout New Zealand. Its products are available in over 900 markets of Australia such as Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and New York. Its competitors are such as Omo, Surf, planet ark, earth choice, and Fab. Hence, Eco Store was the first company used to make recycled plastics (Bolotaeva, and Cata, 2010). In Eco Store, sustainability practices are applied for the products manufacture, which includes selection of supplier and packaging, and other aspects of the business such as staff management practices and involvement of the community. For them, sustainability is not about the products effectiveness on the environment but, it ensures about the health of the people. The company uses certain sustainable practices, which are beneficial for the environment as supplying the products that are safe for the childrens as well as for the environment. Further, recycling the products is helpful in reducing pollution from the environment, skin care product; exclude using nasty chemicals, which are healthier and safety for the environment, sustainable sourced plant, minimization of packaging biggest business practices so as to reduce the waste in order to protect the environment. Sustainability is the core for Eco Stores business (Brooks, and Simkin, 2012). The products of Eco Store are made from plant and mineral based ingredients, which are proved to be better for the environment and for humans health. It promotes purpose, belonging and wellbeing of customers and staffs. The product portfolio of Eco Store consists a range of 100 products, which are manufactured in New Zealand with the highest environmental and sustainability standards. It includes laundry, household, kitchen, gardening, personal care, and a baby care products. Its aim is to provide healthier products, which is nourishing for the customers, their family and the environment. Its manufacturing facility has achieved Environ-Mark NZ diamond certification and awarded for the sustainable business of New Zealand in the year 2009. Further, they provide services online or through the retailer and the suppliers of Eco Store can be the manufacturer, retailer, and whole seller (Daymon, and Holloway, 2010). The company should know about their customers desires and should fulfill its desires and targeting the customers. Its unique focus is on following the loyal customer. Marketing Mix The marketing plan of the company shows the vision of the organization with including the goals and objective and strategy and plans for achieving them. Eco Store uses the green marketing strategy to meet the sales. The green marketing strategy refers to the environment-friendly marketing strategy. It enables the company to achieve the sustainability in the business operation. In this type of strategy, the company focuses on the marketing mix to generate the maximum profit by following the sustainability principles (Fan, et. al., 2015). In this, Eco store focuses on the corporate goals, objective, strategy, target market and consumer. Eco store effectively follows the principles of the Sustainable Marketing Mix. It also knows as the 4Ps of the marketing, which is a combination of the product, price, place and promotion. The company develops the strategies on the basis of these areas that help the company to enhance the branding sales and profitability. The sustainability marketing is different from the tradition marketing. It forces the company to follow the principles of the sustainability. It also helps Eco Store to strengthen the brand image, provide creativity, and ensure honestly, truthful communications and radical transparency with stakeholders (Hwang and Thomadsen, 2015). In the context of Eco Store, its products are organic food, organic vegetables, organic gardening products, natural cosmetics items, handmade jewelry and Art Craft. The pricing strategy of Eco Store: Price is monetary value of the product that is payable by the customer against the product. Eco store provides a range of the sustainable products due to this, its marketing strategy faces challenges in the market. The green tends products are more expensive compared to the conventional counterparts because the labor cost and ingredients cost are more costly in Eco Store. It is because organic food grown with natural fertilizers is more expensive compared to those products that have not need to natural fertilizers. Along with this, its products manufacturing and transportation cost is also higher. These are the few reasons, which lead to higher pricing strategy. These factors also create a price gap between the conventional products and organic or sustainable product (Radman and Katavi?, 2013). At the same time, due to growing awareness of using the organic products, the competitors are regular coming in this industry. There is highly completion in the terms of the price, place, product and promotion activities. As concerning these aspects, Eco Store provides the product at the minimum price as the possible. It helps the company to get the competitive advantage as well as enhances the market share in the industry (Chikweche and Fletcher, 2012). It also uses the effective targeting pricing strategy to minimize the gap of green pricing. Promotion strategy of Eco Store: Promotion is a communication tool of the company that enables the company to communicate its products in the market. A company can use more than one channel for promoting its product in the market. The promotion activities develop the brand image in the customer mind. Eco Store uses the sustainable brand that helps the company to develop a positive impact on people and the environment (Pomering, et. al., 2014). Eco store focuses on the environment aspect when it is conducting promotion activities. The company works based on the CP certificate or is ISO 14000 certified. It is effective to improve the public image of the company. Eco Store also uses the Advertising, public relations, personal selling, consumer and trade promotion activities to get reach a large number of customers. Now, the company is also focusing on the modern marketing strategy. In this, the company is increasing its involvement in the social media marketing, digital marketing, and mobile marketing is all marketing modern promotion tools (Du and Sen, 2016). It enables the company to attract more and more customers. Distribution strategy of the Eco Store: Distribution channel is a way through the goods and services travel from the producer to the user or consumer. It plays a significant role for both producer and consumer in the context of meeting their different needs. It also includes different places from where a consumer can get the products of Eco Store. The company uses effective distribution strategy, which enables a consumer easily get the product in the market. Eco store uses the Store strategy in the many countries (Astuti, et. al., 2015). The Stores of the company can be found easily in the market. The consumers can also get their favorite products through the online shopping. The company also provides the facilities of the free home delivery. It enables the company to get the loyalty of the customers. The distribution strategy of the company provides a completive advantage to Eco Store because managing the both online and store distribution strategies provides the benefit of the acce ss to the large customers. Competitor analysis The competitor analysis is a technique of measuring the strengths and weakness of the potential competitor in the market. It enables the company to use the offensive and defensive strategies for identifying the opportunities and threats. There some direct competitors of the Eco Store that are OMO, Surf, Fab, Planet Ark and Earth Choice. These all the competitors give significant competition to Eco Store in terms of customer satisfaction, value of money, product quality and environmental friendliness (Irfan, et. al., 2014). In this, OMO focuses on the family orientated products and effectively involved in the green marketing. Companies name Satisfaction level Value for money Product quality Environmental friendliness Eco Store **** ***** ***** ***** OMO **** *** **** ***** Surf **** *** **** **** Fab ***** **** **** ***** Planet Art **** *** **** **** Earth Choice *** **** **** ***** Surf provides significant completion to Eco Store. It offers some home based products to the customers which are able to provide customer satisfaction. Earth Choice is good in the context of the environmental friendliness. It also works in the education and animal protection. But, the strategy of the Eco Store keeps its top in the context of environmental friendliness. Its competitors also provide the product at the affordable price with focusing on the both traditional and modern promotion strategy. These also use the store, online sales, direct selling and personal selling strategies to meet the sales goals and objective (Singh, 2012). The rapidly growing the number its follower and customer demands are positive aspect for the company. It will provide a good competitive advantage to Eco Store. Through its competitor analysis, it is found that the company is serious about the problem of the global warming. For this, the company is planning to provide a business solution in order to minimize the negative effects of climate change. Recommendations The marketing mix is the combination of 4 Ps i.e. product, price, promotion, and place. Ethical concerns can arise for these elements and Eco Store should improve the ethical concerns by identifying the needs of the customers in the context of the product as what kind of products the customers desire to purchase. Further, the product which is offered by them does not always satisfy the needs but it can generate new needs of the customers (Leonidou et al., 2013). So, the company should launch innovative products so as to fulfill the needs of the customers. The packaging of the product is also the source for ethical concerns so; it should improve the packaging part of the product. The company should provide clear information about the product. For this, it can provide useful and clear information on the packing of the products. Moreover, pre-tests of the product should be conducted so as to ensure the products to safety standards. In the context of promotion part of the marketing mix, it should improve advertising practices by giving the clear information about the product quality and quantity so that customers may not get confused and avoid misunderstanding from the advertising when they reach in the shop for purchasing the product. It will help the company to earn a maximum profit and enhance the market share (Sheth, 2011). Along with this, in the context of price strategy, the company should improve its pricing strategy by taking care of every type of customer in the society so that consumers may afford Eco Stores product (Kotler et al., 2015). Moreover, in the context of place the company should choose the area where fewer shops are available for the cosmetic products and at this kind of place the demand will be more for the product and it will help in earning maximum profit. The making of a good relationship with the customers may also helpful in improving the marketing mix. These skills will be helpful in improving the competitive skills of the company. Further, sustainability of the company should be improved by fulfilling the requirements of the customers whatever they need for them. It should also improve the knowledge of launching the innovative products in order to compete in the market. It should improve safety measures for the product, which should be relevant for using by the customers and for the environment. Sustainable use of the marketing mix products is mandatory in order to protect the people from harmful products (Singh, 2012). It should aware the customers about the harmful products in order to protect the environment. Recycling should be used in order to avoid the wastage of the products. Conclusions From the above discussion, it is concluded that marketing mix is a significant tool for Eco Store to improve its competitive position in the market. It uses effective marketing mix strategy to achieve the competitive advantage and market share. That is why Eco Store is successful in opening 900 stores in the Australian market. Along with this, the company is recommended that it should improve its pricing strategy and advertising strategy for enhancing the customer base. References Astuti, R., Silalahi, R.L.R. and Wijaya, G.D.P. (2015) Marketing Strategy Based on Marketing Mix Influence on Purchasing Decisions of Malang Apples Consumers at Giant Olympic Garden Mall (MOG), Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 3, pp.67-71. Bolotaeva, V. and Cata, T. (2010) Marketing opportunities with social networks. Journal of Internet Social Networking and Virtual Communities, pp.1-8. Brooks, N. and Simkin, L. (2012) Judging marketing mix effectiveness. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 30(5), pp.494-514. Chikweche, T. and Fletcher, R., (2012) Revisiting the marketing mix at the bottom of pyramid (BOP): from theoretical considerations to practical realities. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(7), pp.507-520. Daymon, C. and Holloway, I. (2010) Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications. UK: Routledge. Du, S. and Sen, S. (2016) Challenging Competition with CSR: Going Beyond the Marketing Mix to Make a Difference. GfK Marketing Intelligence Review, 8(1), pp.18-23. Fan, S., Lau, R.Y. and Zhao, J.L. (2015) Demystifying big data analytics for business intelligence through the lens of marketing mix. Big Data Research, 2(1), pp.28-32. Helm, R. and Gritsch, S. (2014) Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets. International Business Review, 23(2), pp.418-428. Hollensen, S. (2015) Marketing management: A relationship approach. US: Pearson Education. Hwang, M. and Thomadsen, R., (2015) How Point-of-Sale Marketing Mix Impacts National-Brand Purchase Shares. Management Science, 62(2), pp.571-590. Irfan, M., Sumangala, C. and DSouza, L. (2014) Green Marketing Mix Strategies of Consumer Durables with Reference to Automobile Sector. International Journal of Emerging Research in Management Technology, 3(6). Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G. (2015) Marketing. US: Pearson Higher Education. Leonidou, C.N., Katsikeas, C.S. and Morgan, N.A. (2013) Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(2), pp.151-170. Pomering, A.A., Kyriazis, E. and Johnson, L.W. (2014) Building sustainability into services marketing: expanding decision-making from a mix to a matrix. Radman, M. and Katavi?, I. (2013) The impact of the marketing mix on the demand of building material products in the Republic of Croatia. Prakti?ni menadÃ… ¾ment, stru?ni ?asopis za teoriju i praksu menadÃ… ¾menta, 4(1), pp.15-26. Rands. M (2016) Eco Store Company Limited. [Online] Available at: https://www.ecostore.co.nz/pages/our-story (Accessed: 17 October, 2016). Sheth, J.N. (2011) Impact of emerging markets on marketing: Rethinking existing perspectives and practices.Journal of Marketing,75(4), pp.166-182. Singh, M. (2012) Marketing Mix of 4PS for Competitive Advantage. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM), 3(6), pp.40-45. Singh, M., (2012) Marketing Mix of 4PS for Competitive Advantage. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM), 3(6), pp.40-45. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R. (2012) International marketing. US: Naper Press.

Drugs Affect College Students Essay Example

Drugs Affect College Students Essay While advancing to college, countless students begin to possess habits that have a negative effect on his or her health, emotions, and relationships with others. These habits include drugs, lack of sleep, unhealthy eating routines, and numerous others. College can be a very stressful environment for students, causing them to obtain new habits that are very harmful. Students feel as though these habits will help with the stress in their lives, but unfortunately it only makes them sick and harms their emotions and relationships. One major habit that students experiment with is drugs. There are many drugs or harmful substances that only harm college students. These harmful substances include alcohol, ecstasy, meth, and caffeine. Students use these drugs to obtain a â€Å"high† but are unaware of the fact that many times students become addicted. A substance that once gave a student energy, may turn into a substance that drastically changes their life. Alcohol is a major drug abused among college students. This drug has been traced back as early as 3,500 B. C. Experts believe it was first introduced in Egypt in the form of wine. Alcohol has been the main item at social gatherings, religious ceremonies, and for personal use. The students tend to use alcohol to have a good time and to relieve some stress. Although alcohol is used to have a fun time, it is a depressant. It is common that users are unaware of the dangerous side effects of this drug, both short term and long term. The most immediate effect of this drug is mood change. Individuals have different reactions to the drug. These reactions include becoming quiet, loud, funny, or even angry. When an individual is under the influence of alcohol they reduce his or her sensitivity to pain. We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs Affect College Students specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs Affect College Students specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs Affect College Students specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This effect becomes very dangerous because individuals may become unaware to an injury. The use of alcohol also affects the vision of the user. It is common for individuals to believe they are sober enough to drive or believe they are able to drive under the influence. Studies have shown that one third of all fatalities in New York State involved drivers or pedestrians who were under the influence. Many individuals do not take into consideration that driving under the influence may result in fines, revocation of the license for a year, and even jail time. If alcohol is used regularly over a larger span of time, individuals may cause their body great harm. Alcohol abuse is linked to medical conditions such as organ failure and even cancer. College students begin to drink alcohol very irresponsibly among friends. Alcohol is a common drug among college students and has a negative effect on studying, along with school grades. Seventeen Magazine explains to individuals that alcohol alters their ability to think and causes them to see the world through â€Å"beer goggles. With â€Å"beer goggles† on, students don’t always make the best choices. It is common that an individual under the influence of alcohol takes part in activities he or she normally would not. These activities could include drugs, unprotected sex, and being distracted from school. Individuals often do not remember the activities they were included in under the influence of alcohol. Through research and studies, it is believed that 60 percent of young women wi th sexually transmitted diseases acquired them while having sex under the influence of alcohol (Fine 32). Alcohol causes students to become careless with school and sluggish with school work. It is apparent that alcohol is harmful to an individual’s health and life. Ecstasy, another common drug used by young adults, has some positive effects, along with many negative. Ecstasy, also known as X, MDMA, XTC, Eve, Adam, and the love drug, is part of the Entactogens drug class (Kuhn, Swartzwelder, and Wilson 80). The word entactogens also mean to touch within (Holland 22). Ecstasy was first introduced in 1912 by two German Chemists. It was later made popular in 1978 by Sasha Shulgin and Dave Nichols. The group of psychotherapists believed the drug would be useful in psychotherapy. They thought it would be a useful drug to aide individuals in opening up to counselors and being able to find a state of mutual understanding. Although the drug was meant for psychotherapy use, it found its way into the drug scene (Kuhn, Swartzwelder, and Wilson 81). Ecstasy comes in a tablet form and is usually swallowed or crushed up and snorted. This drug is commonly found at rave parties and other dance parties. It is used to enhance the mood among the party members. Ecstasy is extremely popular among young adults due to the effect it has on an individual. Ecstasy is known as the love drug because of the warm feeling it provides the user with. Kuhn, Swartzwelder, and Wilson note that it causes the user to have good feelings for all those around them (80). It also provides the user with an extreme feeling of empathy. Encarta Dictionary defines empathy as the ability to identify with and understand another persons feelings or difficulties. A first time user described the effect of the pill, ecstasy: What happens is, the drug takes away all your neuroses. It takes away you fear response. You feel open, clear, loving. I cant imagine anyone being angry under its influence, or feeling selfish, or mean, or even defensive. You have a lot of insights into yourself, real insights that stay with you after the experience is over. It doesnt give you anything that isnt already there. Its not a trip. You dont lose touch with the world. You could pick up the phone, call your mother, and shed never know. (83) It is true the drug gives individuals a warm feeling towards others, but it also has negative effects that may harm the user. The short term effects that are associated with ecstasy is involuntary teeth clenching, transfixion on sounds and sights, nausea, chills, and even blurred vision. Ecstasy may also cause an increase in heart rate, which may result in seizures. The drug gives users an increase in energy. This allows users to dance for extended periods of time. This effect is extremely dangerous due to the fact that users are usually in crowded, hot places. The user is unaware of the fact that he or she is becoming dehydrated and may have to be hospitalized. Studies have shown that ecstasy begins to interfere with memory after several uses. This is a dangerous drug for college students since it is easy to find and has negative effects on the body. Next is the drug Methamphetamine, most commonly referred to as meth, also called crank or speed; is a drug which is quickly gaining popularity across the nation. Described as the being the possible crack of our generation; its even been the center of the award winning television show â€Å"Breaking Bad†. The history of methamphetamine is a short one, as it is one of the drugs which has been manufactured by pharmaceuticals. Meth’s history starts in 1919 when it was synthesized in Japan as a recreational drug; that is until its side effects were found out. The drug saw widespread use in World War II with its greatest villain, Hitler, being a meth addict. Japan stockpiled the drug and gave it to kamikaze pilots so they could fly longer and be more alert. In the United States the Mexican drug cartels and the hells angels brought it into mainstream where it remains to this day. One of the biggest draws to using methamphetamines is the hyper focus many people get while using it; this heightened sense of alertness is a huge draw for college students struggling under a heavy school load. Meth can be taken a number of ways including smoking, intravenously and orally through pills. Surprisingly meth pills can actually be prescribed by a doctor; although the prescribed doses are smaller than what the typical drug user digests. Meth causes a release in dopamine’s and block the reuptake of it; making the drug extremely physically addicting. Many college students try the drug and enjoy a quick jump in their grades; as their attention focuses and they sleep less and accomplish a lot more work. However the addiction can quickly take hold in the midst of their studies, and the use of the drug switches from a study drug to a way to get high. The drug changes the brain at a molecular level, with changes persisting for up to a year after the user quits. Although very similar to cocaine to the other stimulants, such as cocaine or amphetamines, the side effects are worse and the addiction more gripping. Long term use can cause weight loss, anxiety, confusion, insomnia, violent behavior and more. Another more obvious effect is the physical transformation which heavy users undergo; with dental problems and gaunt faces, ads of people before and after meth have been pasted all over the internet and television. These ads are one of the reasons why usage has actually been decreasing over the years; however in many poor areas students still get hooked on the drug attempting to help up out their school work. As one of the manufactured drugs meth is made with chemistry equipment and household items. Which brings college students to another issue, the drug is extremely cheap to make, and for a person studying chemistry a seemingly simple one to make. The most difficult ingredient for meth is the common cold drug ephedrine, which has been picked out by the government and made difficult to acquire in mass. However being a effective and popular cold drug named Sudafed the government can’t completely ban it. While searching for the many recipes to make meth, chemicals that commonly show up are sodium hydroxide, also name lye which can be used to dissolve bodies. Ammonia, red phosphorous which are used in match heads, ether another xtremely flammable liquid, Drano, butane, hydrochloric acid, and lithium which probably taken from old batteries rather than a dealer authorized to sell lithium. All of these chemicals could be bought in a trip to Wal-Mart or a local hardware store. Flammable chemicals combined with people using cheap and dirty equipment the odds of disaster increase by a large margin. More alarming are the new methods of making meth are easier and safer, with one using only a few of the above ingredients and a couple of two liter soda bottles. All of these factors make meth a simple drug for college students to acquire. While many will enjoy the quick boost in grades and attention span, the horrible addiction and dangerous ingredients make it an extremely hard drug to quit. Another common harmful substance among college students is caffeine. Caffeine is the most widely consumed substance that has a significant effect on the mind by individuals. Caffeine is a â€Å"potent and quick-acting drug which produces an effect similar to the stress response in our bodies† (pe2000). It was made popular in the 17th century throughout Europe. It was seen as a fashionable, delightful drink and individuals began to produce cravings for the substance (Burchfield). Caffeine is a chemical that is produced naturally in over one hundred plants. It is found in many different beans that are usually crushed up into powder, which is used for numerous different drinks. Caffeine is usually taken in as a drink. It is found in coffee, soft drinks, teas, energy drinks, and several other beverages. Caffeine is extremely popular among college students due to the effects it has among the body. Individuals tend to use caffeine to aide in staying up late to finish homework assignments or studying for tests. College students tend to become dependent upon the substance even as it starts to harm them over time. This substance is found in many different everyday food products and effects individuals differently. Depending upon a person’s sex, weight, and build, caffeine will affect him or her differently than others. This substance has an almost instant effect upon the user’s mind and body. It continues to affect the user for six to eight hours after the initial intake. Caffeine stimulates the heart and nervous system. It causes the users blood pressure to rise and quickens blood circulation throughout the body. Caffeine tends to upset an individual’s stomach due to the fact that it causes the stomach to produce more acid. This causes an individual’s lining in their stomach to become irritated. Short term effects can be accompanied by long term after excessive use. Although caffeine stimulates the brain, too much caffeine may cause the â€Å"jitters. † Individuals who are addicted to caffeine may suffer from headaches, irritability, or agitation (pe2000). Caffeine addiction is very difficult to break. It is best for an individual who is addicted to caffeine to ease off the substance slowly over a period of one to two weeks. It is beneficial to attempt to cut off the greatest source of caffeine to start with, usually coffee. Easing off the use of caffeine reduces the user’s chance of a dramatic drop in blood pressure. Caffeine withdrawals have many side effects of their own. The side effects can begin in as little time as six to eighteen hours after the sudden stop of caffeine intake. Withdrawal effects include drowsiness, irritability, restlessness, and reduced concentration. The user may also suffer from headaches or muscle cramps. It becomes a dangerous substance to be addicted to and is a very difficult addiction to break. Many college students become addicted to this harmful substance and are unaware of the harm they are causing their bodies. Alcohol, ecstasy, meth, and caffeine are all harmful substances that are found among college students. They are substances that at first give students energy to accomplish the tasks at hand. They eventually cause great damage and cause harm to a student’s life. They affect a student’s dedication to school, friends, and family. Harmful substances are difficult to avoid, but a student should set it as a goal to avoid such substances.

Discussion Question Example

Discussion Question Example Discussion Question – Coursework Example Discussion Question AHRQ Disparities Report The AHRQ Disparities Report s about the current scenario of healthcare quality and disparity within the sector. The report primarily highlighted the effectiveness of healthcare in various scenarios for numerous diseases including cancer, HIV and Diabetes among others. This discussion put light on the prevalence of proper and effective healthcare services in the domain of Diabetes. As per the report, the diseases ranked 7th in terms of its impact on the death rate of the nation. The report also depicted that since the number of people with the disease is increasing on a continuous basis, the overall healthcare cost of the nation is also increasing at a significant rate. The findings of the report suggest that the four diabetes service intervention is proved to be vital in dealing with the disease, especially amid the people above the age of 40. These intervention processes to deal with the disease include flu shot, dilated eye examination, e xamination of foot and HbA1c tests. Findings suggested that there has been a decline in rate of Diabetes amid the White people while others depicted a rising trend in the recent years (AHRQ, 2013). These aspects can further be aligned with the current scenario of the disease in Florida. The state has showed a rising trend with regard to the prevalence of diabetes over the years. However, with regard to the prevention of the disease, concerned authorities has focused on self-management of the disease rather than emphasizing clinical intervention (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). This aspect depicts the lack of relevance amid the report and the approach followed in Florida. ReferencesAHRQ. (2013). National healthcare disparities report. Retrieved from ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr13/2013nhdr.pdfCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). About the program. Retrieved from cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/about.htm Discussion Question Example Discussion Question – Coursework Example Discussion Question Fibromyalgia is a pattern of scatter body pain, which is mainly observed in women. In order to vali the diagnosis, the health care practitioner should initially intend to identify the syndromes of fibromyalgia. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia includes different phases of few clinical evaluations such as physical examination, history of the several health complaints and paying attention to the past health status. Recently, the criteria of diagnosis have been developed, used for validating the diagnosis (Hauser et al., 2010). As per the doctor’s advice, after reviewing EPs health conditions, the intake of hydrocarbon has certainly not been much helpful for her. She is taking these hydrocarbons four times a day, as per her current medication consultation. In this regard, EP has been suggested to opt for a no- drug therapy treatment for fibromyalgia. Apart from medication, EP can adopt the physical excursive therapy, such as swimming, relaxation techniques, acup uncture techniques and aromatherapy techniques. Moreover, the psychotherapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy treatments are also recognised as very effective for treating patients and dealing with their pains in an efficient manner (Bennett & Nelson, 2006). The Cognitive Behovorail Therapy (CBT) is expected to be more useful as an efficient treatment for fibromyalgia. It is thus expected that CBT will be able to eliminate EPs dependency over consumption of hydrocarbon. Under the CBT treatment, EP will need to undergo educational session, pool-based exercise class or aquatic jogging, spa therapy and aerobic endurance training (Huser et al., 2009). Reviewing the patient’s medical case history, it can be concluded that the CBT can prove as an efficient therapy for her, competitive to treat the problems of EP, which she is suffering due to fibromyalgia. In this regard, EP is not recommended with any kind of non-traditional therapy, such as taking of drugs and other chemical medi cines (Huser et al., 2009). ReferencesBennett, R. & Nelson, D. (2006). Cognitive behavioural therapy for fibromyalgia. Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology, 2(8), 416-424.Huser, W., Eich, W., Herrmann, M., Nutzinger, D. O., Schiltenwolf, M. & Henningsen, P. (2009). Fibromyalgia syndrome classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical Practice Guideline, 106 (23), 383-391.Hauser, W., Hayo, S., Biewer, W., Gesmann, M., Kuhn-Becker, H., Petzke, F., Wilmoswky, H. V. & Langhorst, J. (2010). Diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome - a Comparison of Association of the medical scientific societies in Germany, survey, and American college of rheumatology criteria. Clinical Journal of Pain, 26(6), 505-511. Discussion Question Example Discussion Question – Coursework Example Discussion question Discussion question Ayn Rand approach of extreme capitalism is self-destructive. Rand believes in the fact that capitalism has been the root cause of elimination of moral values in the present day society (Farrell, 2013). As argued by Farrell (2012), Rand has been instrumental in campaigning for capitalism, which has led to the increasing drift and chaos in the world system. The citizens seem to have their own welfare at heart, which can be attributed to Rand’s extreme capitalism. It would be argued that Rand’s policy of extreme capitalism has resulted to lack of conscience among individuals who are constantly on the move to satisfy their wants. Farrell (2012) says that the vision for the future may be bleak; morality will be completely reduced and short term goals will shape the economy. With these threats in mind, it is evident that Rand’s approach of capitalism will in the long run be completely destructive for the American society in gene ral (Farrell, 2013). The public will also have a huge price to pay as much value will be placed on market reasoning. All persons will mostly focus on the prices and value of items exchanged as opposed to the moral value of the kind of transactions taking place. Instead of this form of capitalism being an inspiration, Farrell (2013) says that it has become a virus that is mutating throughout the country and has rendered so many people blind to the sensible market principles that existed in the times of Adam Smith. ReferencesFarrell, P. (2012). â€Å"10 bubbles that will kill capitalism†. Market Watch May 7 2012. - (2013). â€Å"The ‘cult of capitalism’ and U.S. moral decline†. Market Watch May 29, 2013. Discussion Question Example Discussion Question – Coursework Example Kmart and Sears analysis Kmart and sears corporations were U.S. discount department stores dealing with hard goods. Kmart was strategically located in discount stores in populated and highly visible corner locations which are not very prone to competition. On the other hand, sears was located inside large shopping malls and majored strongly in hard goods like home appliances and tools. It was the second efficient store in sales after Walmart with the second-highest annual sales controlling 40% sales of major home appliances. However, up crop of new stores in the malls and in the stores presented upcoming tastes and preferences which rendered those of Kmart outdated. Competition and lack of viable business strategy has seen the Kmart struggle and go through bankruptcy petitions. It’s emergence from bankruptcy did less to solve its problems as the company did not have a business strategy which will reclaim their market share. Both stores were going through the same ordeal. Comp etition was threatening to oust Kmart out of business as other well-known stores like Korvettee’s, Grant’s, Woolco, Ames among others had become outdated and were already out of market. Sears was also going through the same fate as most of their customers were turning from shopping malls to big-box retailers on stand-alone stores like Lowe’s ad Home Depot to buy their home hard goods. The two were struggling to find a strategy that would improve their competitiveness and increase their sales. Kmart regained its profitability by closing some of their stores while selling some to Sears and Home Depot. This move was able to revitalize sales in the stores. The next move was the acquisition of Kmart by Sears. Despite the fact that both the holding and the acquired company were experiencing problems with their sales, they felt the move would cut their costs by $500 annually. The failure in the sales performance in the two stores can be attributed to lack of business strategy and a viable business model which would invest more in store and brand improvements as opposed to buying the already sluggish stores like sears and Restoration Hardware. The store continues to experience low sales. Work citedFrank, Rothaermel, Strategic Management: Concepts, 1 edition , McGraw-Hill; 2012.Wheelen, T. & Hunger, D., Strategic Management and Business and Business Policy, 13the edition, Pearson Education Inc. 2013.

Should gambling be illegal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should gambling be illegal - Essay Example It is not surprising that 51 percent of American adults consider casino gambling â€Å"acceptable for anyone,† (Popkin and Hetter 1994), as the proliferation of sports books and new casinos on virtually every Indian reservation continues unabated. Adding gambling addictions, scams, the drain on taxes, and the unchecked expansion of Internet gambling to the mix, this lucrative industry is draining much of the life out of families and the economy to the point that its illegalization is the only answer. With America’s continued economic downturn, gambling is exacerbating society’s financial woes, as it also reported to feed into costly collateral damage seen in alcoholism, prostitution, drug abuse, destroyed families and various criminal behaviors. But compared to the revenues generated by other segments of the entertainment industry, does gambling really take that big of a bite out of America’s pocketbook? To get an idea, a government report stated that in 1 997, Americans spent some $50 billion on gambling, which was more than all the money spent on movie tickets, theme parks, recorded music, and video games combined, which generated a substantially lower $39.9 billion (Campbell 1999). The government has even gotten into the gambling business through seemingly harmless state lotteries, which are often touted as â€Å"supporting our schools,† yet many taxpayer dollars go into funding gambling winnings. And even though it is noted that â€Å"Legal gambling operations in the U.S. pay millions of dollars in taxes annually to the local and federal governments,† (Hammer 2001), it is also contended that gambling throws away a great deal our federal government’s money. Yet it is argued that shutting down the gambling industry could have disastrous effects, â€Å"What happened with alcohol [prohibition] was a disaster . . . Nobody wants this business, which is flourishing offshore, being pushed back onto the streets and th e back alleys of the U.S. . . . there’s a huge opportunity here [for the government to collect revenue],†(Carruthers 2004). But legal experts assert that legalized gambling has never been on the scale to resolve any social issues, as â€Å"States frequently overestimate the financial impact of gambling revenues,† (Popkin and Hetter 1994). Consequently, it is hard to argue that keeping gambling legal will outweigh the harmful financial and social ramifications that this frivolous pastime carries with it. Feeding into the burgeoning gambling industry with its lotteries, casinos and sports books is the expansion of Internet gambling, which has ensnared Americans in the dangerous privacy and comfort of their own homes. To give a perspective of its growth, it is estimated that worldwide Internet gambling accounted for $300 million in 1997 (Campbell 1999), $2.2 billion in 2000 (Bedell 2011), and the projected amount for 2006 came to $100 billion (Baker 1999). In additi on, â€Å"It is reported that more than 4.5 million Americans have gambled online at least once,† (Bedell 2001) and it is also reported that online sports books take in more money from the Super Bowl than all Las Vegas sports bookies combined (Any Given Sunday). And with increased Internet gambling, there has been a proliferation in criminals scamming gamblers by illegally obtaining personal information, including credit card, social security and pass code data. To curb the wide-scale online scams, much legislation has been

Children's behaviour towards undiected recreational play Research Paper

Children's behaviour towards undiected recreational play - Research Paper Example A fact that is not often recognised is that play can even function as a type of therapy for children who suffer from behavioural problems. In the present world, children are exposed to numerous problems that affect them physically and psychologically. The rate of divorce has risen significantly across all nations. This means that children are increasingly being raised in single families, and having to live with the complex emotions that this triggers even though they do not have the capacity to process them. This can cause behavioural problems to arise even in the well-adjusted children. Children today are also exposed to greater levels of stress than their counterparts dealt with in past generations. Many parents today prefer for their children to entertain themselves indoors rather than exploring their surroundings outside. This is because parents tend to be committed to work activities outside the home, and so cannot supervise their children when they are outside school (Ohannessian 2014). Furthermore, parents and guardians today have more access to information through various media channels. This means that parents are more likely to think that their children are endangered due to the sheer numbers of child molesters, kidnappers, and drug traffickers that they imagine are walking through neighbourhoods. It is a fact that such miscreants existed in the past when children were allowed to play outside unsupervised; however, the parents of past generations may not have been exposed to information about child molesters on a regular basis. All children use play as a natural medium to express themselves. This means that when children have accumulated stress from family problems that they have no control over, they can actually play out their negative feelings. It is an established fact that undirected play is far more productive than directed play. This is because there are definite distinctions between child directed play and adult directed play.

Discuss the portrayal of women Essay Example for Free

Discuss the portrayal of women Essay On the one hand, Hardy portrays how negative life was for women in Victorian society. However, on the other hand, he clearly shows sympathy for the plight of women which suggests he had a desire for change. Hardy shows how the role of women in Victorian society was to get married. If a woman did not get married, she was treated as though there was something wrong with her and indeed was often ignored by both men and women. Hardy shows us this when he tells of how Rhoda sat apart from the rest in the milking barn and lived on a lonely spot away from the other milkmaids. We learn that Rhoda has had a child out of wedlock with Farmer Lodge. For this terrible sin, Rhoda is effectively excluded from society; however, no blame is attached to Farmer Lodge. This is an example of the double standards that women in Victorian England had to live with. Hardy uses this concept throughout the story to emphasise the plight of women in Victorian society. Women were also expected to marry young and produce an heir and a spare. When Gertrude failed to do this, she invited the scorn of her husband who was bitter over her failure to continue his family line. At no time was it suggested that it was the mans fault that they were unable to have a child. It was always considered the womans fault. In Victorian times, beauty was a desirable quality for any young brides and an absence of this led to rifts between partners. Hardy shows this by comparing Farmer Lodges attitude to Gertrude before and after her arm became disfigured; Before Gertrudes arm becomes disfigured, Farmer Lodge views Gertrude as a pretty young girl who will serve well as his wife and he is pleased with her. However, after her arm becomes disfigured Gertrude tells of how she thinks that Farmer Lodge cares for her less. From then on, we get the impression that Farmer Lodge feels very displeased by his wife. All this shows that women were expected to conform to societys expectations of them and if they did not they were ostracized from society. An extreme example of this is illustrated by Hardy later on in the story when he tells of how Rhoda is even viewed as a witch because she is not fulfilling the usual criteria of a woman. On the other hand, Hardy shows he had sympathy for the way women were treated by the way he ends the story. Hardy punishes Farmer Lodge for not taking care of Rhoda and her son by killing his wife and making him live a remorseful life from then on. This shows that Hardy desired change in the way the women were being treated but understood that innocent lives would have to be lost first. He drew a parallel between this and the death of Gertrude.

kodak brief review :: essays research papers

Note: The examination will be in two parts. Part 1 will comprise a set of multiple-choice questions designed to check your understanding of all of the lectures material. Part 2 will concern this case study, with the examination paper including a set of questions about it. The case study describes a situation, which you need to research further and resolve. In preparation for the examination, you should analyse this case study and relate it to the lectures so that you arrive at the examination with an understanding of how you might proceed. CASE STUDY Kodak, based in Rochester, New York, where it pioneered the use of photographic film 100 years ago, has been facing weak profits and job cuts as it struggles to turn round its business. Wednesday, 21 June, 2000, 11:26 GMT 12:26 UK Kodak looks to digital salvation by BBC News Online's Steve Schifferes The world's most famous film company is hoping that the digital film revolution will come to its rescue. Dan Carp, Kodak's chief executive, told BBC News Online that he was "very frustrated" by the low share price for his company which is trading at around 10 times earnings despite five quarters of record profits. "There is no question that digital imaging is going to expand the use of photography and make it more user friendly," he explained to News Online during a whirlwind tour of Europe. "What's holding us back is some scepticism that the digital revolution is yet to be finalised," he said. Fresh investment Mr Carp told the BBC that the company would invest two-thirds of its $900m research and development budget in digital technologies. It was also spending over $1bn in buying back its own shares in order to boost their price. Analysts say the share buybacks are needed to boost the company's earnings per share which have been diluted by employees cashing in some 20m stock options last year. Mr Carp said he was not worried by the threat of a takeover. However, he admitted that the marketplace for digital imaging technology was likely to be more crowded than traditional photography, with companies like Sony vying with Kodak, Fuji, and Olympus. Kodak had been slow to introduce full digital technology, fearing that it would hurt sales of existing photographic products. But it now aims for 45% of its sales, and 27% of profits, to come from digital sales by 2005. Mr Carp said that the introduction of broadband and other high-speed internet connections would speed the take-up of digital technology. There were more than 4m digital cameras sold in the USA, and 1m in Europe, last year, and

Critique of Pure Reason Essay

Immanuel Kant, (born April 22, 1724, Konigsberg, Prussia [now Kaliningrad, Russia]—died February 12, 1804, Konigsberg), German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism. Kant was one of the foremost thinkers of the Enlightenment and arguably one of the greatest philosophers of all time. In him were subsumed new trends that had begun with the rationalism (stressing reason) of Rene Descartes and the empiricism (stressing experience) of Francis Bacon. He thus inaugurated a new era in the development of philosophical thought. BACKGROUND AND EARLY YEARS Kant lived in the remote province where he was born for his entire life. His father, a saddler, was, according to Kant, a descendant of a Scottish immigrant, although scholars have found no basis for this claim; his mother, an uneducated German woman, was remarkable for her character and natural intelligence. Both parents were devoted followers of the Pietist branch of the Lutheran church, which taught that religion belongs to the inner life expressed in simplicity and obedience to moral law. The influence of their pastor made it possible for Kant—the fourth of nine children but the eldest surviving child—to obtain an education. At the age of eight Kant entered the Pietist school that his pastor directed. This was a Latin school, and it was presumably during the eight and a half years he was there that Kant acquired his lifelong love for the Latin classics, especially for the naturalistic poet Lucretius. In 1740 he enrolled in the University of Konigsberg as a theological student. But, although he attended courses in theology and even preached on a few occasions, he was principally attracted to mathematics and physics. Aided by a young professor who had studied Christian Wolff, a systematizer of rationalist philosophy, and who was also an enthusiast for the science of Sir Isaac Newton, Kant began reading the work of the English physicist and, in 1744, started his first book, Gedanken von der wahren Schatzung der lebendigen Krafte (1746; Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces), dealing with a problem concerning kinetic forces. Though by that time he had decided to pursue an academic career, the death of his father in 1746 and his failure to obtain the post of undertutor in one of the schools attached to the university compelled him to withdraw and seek a means of supporting himself. Tutor and Privatdozent He found employment as a family tutor and, during the nine years that he gave to it, worked for three different families. With them he was introduced to the influential society of the city, acquired social grace, and made his farthest travels from his native city—some 60 miles (96 km) away to the town of Arnsdorf. In 1755, aided by the kindness of a friend, he was able to complete his degree at the university and take up the position of Privatdozent, or lecturer. Period of the three Critiques In 1781 the Kritik der reinen Vernunft (spelled Critik in the first edition; Critique of Pure Reason) was published, followed for the next nine years by great and original works that in a short time brought a revolution in philosophical thought and established the new direction in which it was to go in the years to come. The Critique of Pure Reason The Critique of Pure Reason was the result of some 10 years of thinking and meditation. Yet, even so, Kant published the first edition only reluctantly after many postponements; although convinced of the truth of its doctrine, he was uncertain and doubtful about its exposition. His misgivings proved well founded, and Kant complained that interpreters and critics of the work were badly misunderstanding it. To correct these wrong interpretations of his thought, he wrote the Prolegomena zu einer jeden kunftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten konnen (1783; Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will be Able to Come Forward as Science) and brought out a second and revised edition of the first Critique in 1787. Controversy still continues regarding the merits of the two editions: readers with a preference for an idealistic interpretation usually prefer the first edition, whereas those with a realistic view adhere to the second. But with regard to difficulty and ease of reading and understanding, it is generally agreed that there is little to choose between them. Anyone on first opening either book finds it overwhelmingly difficult and impenetrably obscure. The Critique of Practical Reason Because of his insistence on the need for an empirical component in knowledge and his antipathy to speculative metaphysics, Kant is sometimes presented as a positivist before his time, and his attack upon metaphysics was held by many in his own day to bring both religion and morality down with it. Such, however, was certainly far from Kant’s intention. Not only did he propose to put metaphysics â€Å"on the sure path of science,† he was prepared also to say that he â€Å"inevitably† believed in the existence of God and in a future life. It is also true that his original conception of his critical philosophy anticipated the preparation of a critique of moral philosophy. The Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (1788, spelled Critik and practischen; Critique of Practical Reason), the result of this intention, is the standard sourcebook for his ethical doctrines. The earlier Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten (1785; Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals) is a shorter and, despite its title, more readily comprehensible treatment of the same general topic. Both differ from Die Metaphysik der Sitten (1797; The Metaphysics of Morals) in that they deal with pure ethics and try to elucidate basic principles; the later work, in contrast, is concerned with applying these principles in the concrete, a process that involved the consideration of virtues and vices and the foundations of law and politics. The Critique of Judgment The Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790, spelled Critik; Critique of Judgment)—one of the most original and instructive of all of Kant’s writings—was not foreseen in his original conception of the critical philosophy. Thus it is perhaps best regarded as a series of appendixes to the other two Critiques. The work falls into two main parts, called respectively Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and Critique of Teleological Judgment. In the first of these, after an introduction in which he discussed â€Å"logical purposiveness,† he analyzed the notion of â€Å"aesthetic purposiveness† in judgments that ascribe beauty to something. Such a judgment, according to him, unlike a mere expression of taste, lays claim to general validity, yet it cannot be said to be cognitive because it rests on feeling, not on argument. The explanation lies in the fact that, when a person contemplates an object and finds it beautiful, there is a certain harmony between his imagination and his understanding, of which he is aware from the immediate delight that he takes in the object. Imagination grasps the object and yet is not restricted to any definite concept, whereas a person imputes the delight that he feels to others because it springs from the free play of his cognitive faculties, which are the same in all humans. LAST YEARS The critical philosophy was soon being taught in every important German-speaking university, and young men flocked to Konigsberg as a shrine of philosophy. In some cases the Prussian government even undertook the expense of their support. Kant came to be consulted as an oracle on all kinds of questions, including such subjects as the lawfulness of vaccination. Such homage did not interrupt Kant’s regular habits. Scarcely five feet tall, with a deformed chest, and suffering from weak health, he maintained throughout his life a severe regimen. It was arranged with such regularity that people set their clocks according to his daily walk along the street named for him, â€Å"The Philosopher’s Walk. † Until old age prevented him, he is said to have missed this regular appearance only on the occasion when Rousseau’s Emile so engrossed him that for several days he stayed at home. From 1790 Kant’s health began to decline seriously. He still had many literary projects but found it impossible to write more than a few hours a day. The writings that he then completed consist partly of an elaboration of subjects not previously treated in any detail, partly of replies to criticisms and to the clarification of misunderstandings. With the publication in 1793 of his work Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft (Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone), Kant became involved in a dispute with Prussian authorities on the right to express religious opinions. The book was found to be altogether too rationalistic for orthodox taste. He was charged with misusing his philosophy to the â€Å"distortion and depreciation of many leading and fundamental doctrines of sacred Scripture and Christianity† and was required by the government not to lecture or write anything further on religious subjects. Kant agreed but privately interpreted the ban as a personal promise to the king, Frederick William II, from which he felt himself to be released on the latter’s death in 1797. At any rate, he returned to the forbidden subject in his last major essay, â€Å"Der Streit der Fakultaten† (1798; â€Å"The Conflict of the Faculties†). In 1797 Kant published Die Metaphysik der Sitten (The Metaphysics of Morals), comprising Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Rechtslehre (The Philosophy of Law) and Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Tugendlehre (The Doctrine of Virtue). The former was the major statement of his political philosophy, which he also discussed in Zum ewigen Frieden (1795; Project for a Perpetual Peace) and in the essay â€Å"Uber den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht fur die Praxis† (1793; â€Å"On the Old Saw: That May Be Right In Theory, But It Won’t Work in Practice†). The large work at which he laboured until his death—the fragments of which fill the two final volumes of the great Berlin edition of his works—was evidently intended to be a major contribution to his critical philosophy. What remains, however, is not so much an unfinished work as a series of notes for a work that was never written. Known as the Opus postumum, its original title was Ubergang von den metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft zur Physik (â€Å"Transition from the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science to Physics†). It may have been Kant’s intention in this work to carry further the argument advanced in the Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft (1786; Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science) by showing that it is possible to construct a priori not merely the general outline of a science of nature but a good many of its details as well. But judging from the extant fragments, however numerous they are, it remains conjectural whether its completion would have constituted a major addition to his philosophy and its reputation. After a gradual decline that was painful to his friends as well as to himself, Kant died in Konigsberg on February 12, 1804. His last words were â€Å"Es ist gut† (â€Å"It is good†). His tomb in the cathedral was inscribed with the words (in German) â€Å"The starry heavens above me and the moral law within me,† the two things that he declared in the conclusion of the second Critique â€Å"fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and the more steadily we reflect on. † IMMANUEL KANT Prepared by: Cherry B. Ordonez Alliona Gem S. Tolentino N- 201.

What Is a Photon in Physics

A photon is a particle of light defined as a discrete bundle (or quantum) of electromagnetic (or light) energy. Photons are always in motion and, in a vacuum (a completely empty space), have a constant speed of light to all observers. Photons travel at the vacuum speed of light (more commonly just called the speed of light) of c 2.998 x 108 m/s. Basic Properties of Photons According to the photon theory of light, photons: behave like a particle and a wave, simultaneouslymove at a constant velocity, c 2.9979 x 108 m/s (i.e. the speed of light), in empty spacehave zero mass and rest energycarry energy and momentum, which are also related to the frequency (nu) and wavelength (lamdba) of the electromagnetic wave, as expressed by the equation E h nu and p h / lambda.can be destroyed/created when radiation is absorbed/emitted.can have particle-like interactions (i.e. collisions) with electrons and other particles, such as in the Compton effect in which particles of light collide with atoms, causing the release of electrons. History of Photons The term photon was coined by Gilbert Lewis in 1926, though the concept of light in the form of discrete particles had been around for centuries and had been formalized in Newtons construction of the science of optics. In the 1800s, however, the wave properties of light (by which is meant electromagnetic radiation in general) became glaringly obvious and scientists had essentially thrown the particle theory of light out the window. It wasnt until Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect and realized that light energy had to be quantized that the particle theory returned. Wave-Particle Duality in Brief As mentioned above, light has properties of both a wave and a particle. This was an astounding discovery and is certainly outside the realm of how we normally perceive things. Billiard balls act as particles, while oceans act as waves. Photons act as both a wave and a particle all the time (even though its common but basically incorrect, to say that its sometimes a wave and sometimes a particle depending upon which features are more obvious at a given time). Just one of the effects of this wave-particle duality (or particle-wave duality) is that photons, though treated as particles, can be calculated to have frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and other properties inherent in wave mechanics. Fun Photon Facts The photon is an elementary particle, despite the fact that it has no mass. It cannot decay on its own, although the energy of the photon can transfer (or be created) upon interaction with other particles. Photons are electrically neutral and are one of the rare particles that are identical to their antiparticle, the antiphoton. Photons are spin-1 particles (making them bosons), with a spin axis that is parallel to the direction of travel (either forward or backward, depending on whether its a left-hand or right-hand photon). This feature is what allows for polarization of light.