kodak brief review :: essays research papers

Note: The examination will be in two parts. Part 1 will comprise a set of multiple-choice questions designed to check your understanding of all of the lectures material. Part 2 will concern this case study, with the examination paper including a set of questions about it. The case study describes a situation, which you need to research further and resolve. In preparation for the examination, you should analyse this case study and relate it to the lectures so that you arrive at the examination with an understanding of how you might proceed. CASE STUDY Kodak, based in Rochester, New York, where it pioneered the use of photographic film 100 years ago, has been facing weak profits and job cuts as it struggles to turn round its business. Wednesday, 21 June, 2000, 11:26 GMT 12:26 UK Kodak looks to digital salvation by BBC News Online's Steve Schifferes The world's most famous film company is hoping that the digital film revolution will come to its rescue. Dan Carp, Kodak's chief executive, told BBC News Online that he was "very frustrated" by the low share price for his company which is trading at around 10 times earnings despite five quarters of record profits. "There is no question that digital imaging is going to expand the use of photography and make it more user friendly," he explained to News Online during a whirlwind tour of Europe. "What's holding us back is some scepticism that the digital revolution is yet to be finalised," he said. Fresh investment Mr Carp told the BBC that the company would invest two-thirds of its $900m research and development budget in digital technologies. It was also spending over $1bn in buying back its own shares in order to boost their price. Analysts say the share buybacks are needed to boost the company's earnings per share which have been diluted by employees cashing in some 20m stock options last year. Mr Carp said he was not worried by the threat of a takeover. However, he admitted that the marketplace for digital imaging technology was likely to be more crowded than traditional photography, with companies like Sony vying with Kodak, Fuji, and Olympus. Kodak had been slow to introduce full digital technology, fearing that it would hurt sales of existing photographic products. But it now aims for 45% of its sales, and 27% of profits, to come from digital sales by 2005. Mr Carp said that the introduction of broadband and other high-speed internet connections would speed the take-up of digital technology. There were more than 4m digital cameras sold in the USA, and 1m in Europe, last year, and

Critique of Pure Reason Essay

Immanuel Kant, (born April 22, 1724, Konigsberg, Prussia [now Kaliningrad, Russia]—died February 12, 1804, Konigsberg), German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism. Kant was one of the foremost thinkers of the Enlightenment and arguably one of the greatest philosophers of all time. In him were subsumed new trends that had begun with the rationalism (stressing reason) of Rene Descartes and the empiricism (stressing experience) of Francis Bacon. He thus inaugurated a new era in the development of philosophical thought. BACKGROUND AND EARLY YEARS Kant lived in the remote province where he was born for his entire life. His father, a saddler, was, according to Kant, a descendant of a Scottish immigrant, although scholars have found no basis for this claim; his mother, an uneducated German woman, was remarkable for her character and natural intelligence. Both parents were devoted followers of the Pietist branch of the Lutheran church, which taught that religion belongs to the inner life expressed in simplicity and obedience to moral law. The influence of their pastor made it possible for Kant—the fourth of nine children but the eldest surviving child—to obtain an education. At the age of eight Kant entered the Pietist school that his pastor directed. This was a Latin school, and it was presumably during the eight and a half years he was there that Kant acquired his lifelong love for the Latin classics, especially for the naturalistic poet Lucretius. In 1740 he enrolled in the University of Konigsberg as a theological student. But, although he attended courses in theology and even preached on a few occasions, he was principally attracted to mathematics and physics. Aided by a young professor who had studied Christian Wolff, a systematizer of rationalist philosophy, and who was also an enthusiast for the science of Sir Isaac Newton, Kant began reading the work of the English physicist and, in 1744, started his first book, Gedanken von der wahren Schatzung der lebendigen Krafte (1746; Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces), dealing with a problem concerning kinetic forces. Though by that time he had decided to pursue an academic career, the death of his father in 1746 and his failure to obtain the post of undertutor in one of the schools attached to the university compelled him to withdraw and seek a means of supporting himself. Tutor and Privatdozent He found employment as a family tutor and, during the nine years that he gave to it, worked for three different families. With them he was introduced to the influential society of the city, acquired social grace, and made his farthest travels from his native city—some 60 miles (96 km) away to the town of Arnsdorf. In 1755, aided by the kindness of a friend, he was able to complete his degree at the university and take up the position of Privatdozent, or lecturer. Period of the three Critiques In 1781 the Kritik der reinen Vernunft (spelled Critik in the first edition; Critique of Pure Reason) was published, followed for the next nine years by great and original works that in a short time brought a revolution in philosophical thought and established the new direction in which it was to go in the years to come. The Critique of Pure Reason The Critique of Pure Reason was the result of some 10 years of thinking and meditation. Yet, even so, Kant published the first edition only reluctantly after many postponements; although convinced of the truth of its doctrine, he was uncertain and doubtful about its exposition. His misgivings proved well founded, and Kant complained that interpreters and critics of the work were badly misunderstanding it. To correct these wrong interpretations of his thought, he wrote the Prolegomena zu einer jeden kunftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten konnen (1783; Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will be Able to Come Forward as Science) and brought out a second and revised edition of the first Critique in 1787. Controversy still continues regarding the merits of the two editions: readers with a preference for an idealistic interpretation usually prefer the first edition, whereas those with a realistic view adhere to the second. But with regard to difficulty and ease of reading and understanding, it is generally agreed that there is little to choose between them. Anyone on first opening either book finds it overwhelmingly difficult and impenetrably obscure. The Critique of Practical Reason Because of his insistence on the need for an empirical component in knowledge and his antipathy to speculative metaphysics, Kant is sometimes presented as a positivist before his time, and his attack upon metaphysics was held by many in his own day to bring both religion and morality down with it. Such, however, was certainly far from Kant’s intention. Not only did he propose to put metaphysics â€Å"on the sure path of science,† he was prepared also to say that he â€Å"inevitably† believed in the existence of God and in a future life. It is also true that his original conception of his critical philosophy anticipated the preparation of a critique of moral philosophy. The Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (1788, spelled Critik and practischen; Critique of Practical Reason), the result of this intention, is the standard sourcebook for his ethical doctrines. The earlier Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten (1785; Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals) is a shorter and, despite its title, more readily comprehensible treatment of the same general topic. Both differ from Die Metaphysik der Sitten (1797; The Metaphysics of Morals) in that they deal with pure ethics and try to elucidate basic principles; the later work, in contrast, is concerned with applying these principles in the concrete, a process that involved the consideration of virtues and vices and the foundations of law and politics. The Critique of Judgment The Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790, spelled Critik; Critique of Judgment)—one of the most original and instructive of all of Kant’s writings—was not foreseen in his original conception of the critical philosophy. Thus it is perhaps best regarded as a series of appendixes to the other two Critiques. The work falls into two main parts, called respectively Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and Critique of Teleological Judgment. In the first of these, after an introduction in which he discussed â€Å"logical purposiveness,† he analyzed the notion of â€Å"aesthetic purposiveness† in judgments that ascribe beauty to something. Such a judgment, according to him, unlike a mere expression of taste, lays claim to general validity, yet it cannot be said to be cognitive because it rests on feeling, not on argument. The explanation lies in the fact that, when a person contemplates an object and finds it beautiful, there is a certain harmony between his imagination and his understanding, of which he is aware from the immediate delight that he takes in the object. Imagination grasps the object and yet is not restricted to any definite concept, whereas a person imputes the delight that he feels to others because it springs from the free play of his cognitive faculties, which are the same in all humans. LAST YEARS The critical philosophy was soon being taught in every important German-speaking university, and young men flocked to Konigsberg as a shrine of philosophy. In some cases the Prussian government even undertook the expense of their support. Kant came to be consulted as an oracle on all kinds of questions, including such subjects as the lawfulness of vaccination. Such homage did not interrupt Kant’s regular habits. Scarcely five feet tall, with a deformed chest, and suffering from weak health, he maintained throughout his life a severe regimen. It was arranged with such regularity that people set their clocks according to his daily walk along the street named for him, â€Å"The Philosopher’s Walk. † Until old age prevented him, he is said to have missed this regular appearance only on the occasion when Rousseau’s Emile so engrossed him that for several days he stayed at home. From 1790 Kant’s health began to decline seriously. He still had many literary projects but found it impossible to write more than a few hours a day. The writings that he then completed consist partly of an elaboration of subjects not previously treated in any detail, partly of replies to criticisms and to the clarification of misunderstandings. With the publication in 1793 of his work Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft (Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone), Kant became involved in a dispute with Prussian authorities on the right to express religious opinions. The book was found to be altogether too rationalistic for orthodox taste. He was charged with misusing his philosophy to the â€Å"distortion and depreciation of many leading and fundamental doctrines of sacred Scripture and Christianity† and was required by the government not to lecture or write anything further on religious subjects. Kant agreed but privately interpreted the ban as a personal promise to the king, Frederick William II, from which he felt himself to be released on the latter’s death in 1797. At any rate, he returned to the forbidden subject in his last major essay, â€Å"Der Streit der Fakultaten† (1798; â€Å"The Conflict of the Faculties†). In 1797 Kant published Die Metaphysik der Sitten (The Metaphysics of Morals), comprising Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Rechtslehre (The Philosophy of Law) and Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Tugendlehre (The Doctrine of Virtue). The former was the major statement of his political philosophy, which he also discussed in Zum ewigen Frieden (1795; Project for a Perpetual Peace) and in the essay â€Å"Uber den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht fur die Praxis† (1793; â€Å"On the Old Saw: That May Be Right In Theory, But It Won’t Work in Practice†). The large work at which he laboured until his death—the fragments of which fill the two final volumes of the great Berlin edition of his works—was evidently intended to be a major contribution to his critical philosophy. What remains, however, is not so much an unfinished work as a series of notes for a work that was never written. Known as the Opus postumum, its original title was Ubergang von den metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft zur Physik (â€Å"Transition from the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science to Physics†). It may have been Kant’s intention in this work to carry further the argument advanced in the Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft (1786; Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science) by showing that it is possible to construct a priori not merely the general outline of a science of nature but a good many of its details as well. But judging from the extant fragments, however numerous they are, it remains conjectural whether its completion would have constituted a major addition to his philosophy and its reputation. After a gradual decline that was painful to his friends as well as to himself, Kant died in Konigsberg on February 12, 1804. His last words were â€Å"Es ist gut† (â€Å"It is good†). His tomb in the cathedral was inscribed with the words (in German) â€Å"The starry heavens above me and the moral law within me,† the two things that he declared in the conclusion of the second Critique â€Å"fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and the more steadily we reflect on. † IMMANUEL KANT Prepared by: Cherry B. Ordonez Alliona Gem S. Tolentino N- 201.

What Is a Photon in Physics

A photon is a particle of light defined as a discrete bundle (or quantum) of electromagnetic (or light) energy. Photons are always in motion and, in a vacuum (a completely empty space), have a constant speed of light to all observers. Photons travel at the vacuum speed of light (more commonly just called the speed of light) of c 2.998 x 108 m/s. Basic Properties of Photons According to the photon theory of light, photons: behave like a particle and a wave, simultaneouslymove at a constant velocity, c 2.9979 x 108 m/s (i.e. the speed of light), in empty spacehave zero mass and rest energycarry energy and momentum, which are also related to the frequency (nu) and wavelength (lamdba) of the electromagnetic wave, as expressed by the equation E h nu and p h / lambda.can be destroyed/created when radiation is absorbed/emitted.can have particle-like interactions (i.e. collisions) with electrons and other particles, such as in the Compton effect in which particles of light collide with atoms, causing the release of electrons. History of Photons The term photon was coined by Gilbert Lewis in 1926, though the concept of light in the form of discrete particles had been around for centuries and had been formalized in Newtons construction of the science of optics. In the 1800s, however, the wave properties of light (by which is meant electromagnetic radiation in general) became glaringly obvious and scientists had essentially thrown the particle theory of light out the window. It wasnt until Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect and realized that light energy had to be quantized that the particle theory returned. Wave-Particle Duality in Brief As mentioned above, light has properties of both a wave and a particle. This was an astounding discovery and is certainly outside the realm of how we normally perceive things. Billiard balls act as particles, while oceans act as waves. Photons act as both a wave and a particle all the time (even though its common but basically incorrect, to say that its sometimes a wave and sometimes a particle depending upon which features are more obvious at a given time). Just one of the effects of this wave-particle duality (or particle-wave duality) is that photons, though treated as particles, can be calculated to have frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and other properties inherent in wave mechanics. Fun Photon Facts The photon is an elementary particle, despite the fact that it has no mass. It cannot decay on its own, although the energy of the photon can transfer (or be created) upon interaction with other particles. Photons are electrically neutral and are one of the rare particles that are identical to their antiparticle, the antiphoton. Photons are spin-1 particles (making them bosons), with a spin axis that is parallel to the direction of travel (either forward or backward, depending on whether its a left-hand or right-hand photon). This feature is what allows for polarization of light.

Essay on Hurricane Katrina Two Disasters - 2020 Words

Hurricane Katrina: Two Disasters From the Frontline Film, The Old Man and The Storm, the life of Herbert Gettridge was followed after he returned to the 9th Ward of New Orleans to rebuild his home after it was destroyed in Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. After Hurricane Katrina, 500,000 families were displaced, 200,000 homes were destroyed, and 600 congregations were demolished (The Old Man and The Storm). This was a natural disaster of monumental proportions. Ironically though, a mock scenario was created by Louisiana State University’s Center for the Study of Public Health: Impacts of Hurricanes and FEMA, called Hurricane Pam in July of 2004. An artificial disaster was created during a ten day exercise held at the State Emergency†¦show more content†¦The lack of response by the various governmental agencies turned this natural disaster into a blame game that still exists almost five years later. The unpreparedness of governmental agencies on the local, state a nd federal levels was inexcusable because of the mock disaster of Hurricane Pam that had just been performed a year earlier in 2004. After the hurricane there was an inadequate or unnatural response from all levels of government. The agencies like the Red Cross, Congregations from many neighboring states, and the Army Reserve were quick to respond to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. By the end of the 2005 – 2006 hurricane season the Army Reserve had saved hundreds of storm victims, flown 665 hours in 38 days, transported more than 2,000 urban search and rescue team members, and placed more than 10.4 million pounds of reconstruction materials in breached levees (Lambert). It seemed to be taking other governmental agencies longer to respond. Local government was doing what they could but a political battle was brewing between New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin and Governor Kathleen Blanco. Eleven months after the Hurricane devastated Louisiana, the Governor was given 4.2 billion dollars from the Federal government but why did it take so long? Governor Blanco’s career was eventually destroyed as part of the blame game of whose fault this inadequate response to the storm reallyShow MoreRelatedShift Of Emphasis From Racism1180 Words   |  5 PagesShift of Emphasis From Classism to Racism Disasters often present to a society the opportunity for self-examination by stripping away the facade and revealing the underlying problems and inequities that were overlooked and oppressed by the established social order. When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, not only did it bring about complete destruction to the physical landscape, but it also brought to light the social inequalities and vulnerabilities that were present and deeply rooted in theRead MoreDisaster Management Of The Hurricane Katrina Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 3 DB 1 Disaster Management Introduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner who has lived in Miami, Fla. for over 30 years, and experienced her last hurricane which was Hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first respondersRead MoreUnnatural Disasters: Thinking about Natural Disasters in a Sociological Way1731 Words   |  7 PagesAugust 23rd, 2005; Hurricane Katrina, formed over the Bahamas, hitting landfall in Florida. By the 29th, on its third landfall it hit and devastated the city of New Orleans, becoming the deadliest hurricane of the 2005 season and, one of the five worst hurricanes to hit land in the history of the United States. Taking a look at the years leading to Katrina, preventative actions, racial and class inequalities and government, all of this could have been prevented. As presented in the newspaper articleRead MoreHurricane Katrin A Devastating Storm1576 Words   |  7 PagesHurricane Katrina was a devastating storm that ravaged New Orleans, but it was more than just a natural disaster. The general public and even some top officials are quick to dismiss this great storm as an inevitable force of mother nature as if it was just another hurricane of the season. In doing so, they subscribe to a mindset that is actually a disservice to those who suffered Hurricane Katrina’s wrath. A myriad of publications like Come Hell or High Water, Overcoming Katrina, and There is NoRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina762 Words   |  4 PagesHurricane Katrina Scandal Without doubt, Hurricane Katrina has been the major catastrophe of the century suffered in the United States. The category 5 hurricane which at first was on course to hit Florida drifted into the Gulf of Mexico taking a direct route to New Orleans. On his way, the hurricane left hundreds of dead, affected hundreds of thousands and left billions of dollars in damage. The largest number of deaths occurred in New Orleans where the hurricane hit the hardest and which was floodedRead MoreUnited States Government Response to Hurricane Katrina: Where Does the Blame Belong?1645 Words   |  7 Pagesaffect or interfere with decisions.† Many accuse the United States’ national government of minimal and slow actions taken after the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, while others share the blame of this response. Local, state, and national government response will be discussed, focusing on the government’s interaction after the strike of Hurricane Katrina. Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005, but the failure of the local government started before this day â€Å"by allowing building and growingRead MoreHurricanes and Earthquakes1652 Words   |  7 PagesHurricanes and earthquakes are two of the most dangerous natural disasters in the United States. They can be very disastrous and deadly. In the United States, there have been 73 hurricanes since 1954. Earthquakes are harder to detect because they have to have at least a magnitude of 5 (Earthquakes per year, 2009). The amount of earthquakes detected in the United States was 1656 in the past 10 years (Earthquakes per year, 2009). The World Meteorological Organization is the organization that canRead MoreHurricane Katrina778 Words   |  4 PagesDatrel Johnson Professor Peter Johnson Geography 101 25 August 2013 Describe Hurricane Katrina Beginning in the 1950s, the United States have witnessed two Category Five Storms and seven Category Four Storms naming Hurricane Katrina as one of the most deadly Category Four hurricanes to hit the Gulf Coast. On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina dismantled several sections of the levee which caused it to collapse. The storm then breeched the New Orleans’ levee system allowing Lake PonchartrainRead MoreHurricane Katrin A Horrific Day For The City Of New Orleans1605 Words   |  7 PagesAugust 29, 2005, was a horrific day for the city of New Orleans. That day was when the deadly storm Hurricane Katrina hit the city of New Orleans. It was one of the worst hurricanes in the United States history. On August 28, 2005, Katrina was upgraded to a category five hurricane, which is the worst category that a hurricane can be named. A category five hurricane means catastrophic damage will occur since the wind was going 157 miles per hour or higher. Ray Nagin the mayor of New Orlean s calledRead MoreDisaster Management : Disasters And Disasters1565 Words   |  7 PagesDisaster Management Introduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner has when lived in Miami, Fla for over 30 years, and the last hurricane she experience was hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first responders are trained

Outline Of Death Penalty - 1013 Words

Death Penalty Introduction In America many people believed that death penalty was the constitutional ban against cruel and unusual punishment and the guarantees of due process of law and of equal protection under the law. Now, we believe that the state should not give itself the right to kill human beings – especially when it kills with happiness and with ceremony, in the name of the law or in the name of its people, and now we could vote if there could be death penalty. Capital punishment is really embarrassing thing for the family members of the bad person as for him/her too. The death penalty is uncivilized in theory and unfair and inequitable in practice. The percentage of death penalty is more than we think it strive to prevent†¦show more content†¦The reasoning is when people thought that he made the crime, he was killed. After 20 years from his death he was found that he was innocent. So many people died for nothing. In one of my sources I used was,â€Å" I am not in a favor of the death penalty. But I am in a favor locking those people away in maximum security units where they could never get out. They can never escape. They can never be paroled. Lack the bad ones away. But no Death penalty.† This source I picked because it goes with my believe. Body Paragraph Two For my believes, life is the most valuable thing what we have. Nobody has a right to take of other persons life. It is Gods creation so if he wants he will take it. The death penalty wont help the person to recognize their guilt. If the people will be killed many of them wont recognize their sin. If to put them in a closed prison where no windows no people and four walls. I am against all that stuff like death penalty. The use of food for those people, is many but it is better than death penalty. The prove was found that many of people who were killed by death penalty were innocent. The problem is that people that are doing the death penalty often make errors. The prisoners that could be in prison instead of death could be for their whole life in the prison. Yes it is not a big punishment, like death penalty, but it is saves life for the person even a really bad one. For me death penalty is a scary system, first if a bad person killsShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty Essay Outline1443 Words   |  6 Pagesworld, however some are overlooked in todays society. One of these acts is the Death Penalty. The Death Penalty, or Capital punishment has been around for centuries first appearing in Hamarabis code. In modern society the death penalty is often overlooked because normally it is a criminal receiving the punishment and not your everyday good citizen. Which is where the main argument lies for most people. The Death Penalty can affect all people, directly or indirectly, yet most people dont see it thisRead MoreDeath Penalty: A Controversial Issue727 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The death penalty has been an issue of controversy, causing many states in America to repeal it and call it inhumane. However, the truth is that many citizens are strongly divided on the issue and have strong opinions on whether the death penalty should indeed be kept and reinforc ed or whether it should just be abolished altogether. When analyzing this issue from a sociological perspective, conflict theory is best used as an argument against the death penalty. This sociological conflict theory isRead MoreOutline of the Basic Principles of Sentencing Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesOutline of the Basic Principles of Sentencing Legal system is one of the most important parts of the Government, which directly affects the society and people in the society; as a result, researchers and criticisers have always inspected it. This essay will outline the basic principles of sentencing in United Kingdom. There are five general aims or functions or justifications of punishment in the UK’s legal system, which are: 1. RETRIBUTION Retribution restsRead MoreSummary Of Raymond Bonners Anatomy Of Injustice1546 Words   |  7 Pagessecond essay, I chose to critique Raymond Bonner’s Anatomy of Injustice. It was published in 2012 in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House Inc. I thoroughly enjoyed this book. It goes into the profound problems with the Death Penalty in criminal justice. Such as incompetent lawyers, racial profiling, and wrongful convictions. In particular, the Case of Edward Lee Elmore. In January 1982, a white South Carolina widow named Dorothy Edwards was found dead in the closetRead MorePersuasive Speech On Capital Punishment1134 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline 07/18/17 Capital Punishment is a Crime Introduction I. Attention Getter: With the United states in debt up to nineteen trillion and states facing budget cuts, a million dollars is a lot of money to spend to give one person the death penalty. While some people may agree with the death penalty, others may not. Some people feel that locking a criminal in prison for their life will keep the world safe,Read MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 PagesOutline I. Religious Views a. Hinduism b. Jainism c. Buddhism d. Judaism and Christianity e. Islam II. Who a. Countries b. States c. Juveniles III. What Ways IV. Why, Laws Broken a. Laws about it b. Cost c. Wrongful accusation V. Increased Murder Rate VI. Conclusion Did you know, that according to a study at North Carolina State, a murder case cost 2.16 million dollars more with a death penalty then with a sentence of life imprisonment? It s true! It is estimated that theRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Responsible For Making Such A Decision?1651 Words   |  7 Pagesto support these opinions or are they just that: opinions? The death penalty is something that has been around for centuries, but lately it has been the center of many controversies. While there are no cut and dry answers to these questions, there is one thing that is certain; before we are quick to make assumptions on the issue, there are some basic facts that we should first be made aware of when deciding whether the death penalty provides closure to families, or if it is legal murder carried outRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty950 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ Introduction (107 words) Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, has long been abolished in Australia since 1967. Although our country does not sentence capital punishment, other countries do, and there is a worldwide argument on the whole topic. â€Å"Capital punishment is the practice of executing someone as punishment for a specific crime after a proper legal trial.† (BBC - Ethics: Capital punishment, 2014) Capital punishment is generally used in situations where the accused has committedRead MorePunishing Criminals by Death Will Deter Future Crimes...or Not?1216 Words   |  5 PagesOutline The paper introduces the assumptions that people have that punishing criminals by death will deter future crimes. The paragraph further explains how human behavior is related to acts of crime. The essay gives an example of Canada. How crime was not deterred by the imposition of death penalty as a tool used by the system of justice. The essay states some of the research that has been conducted with the intention of proving that capital punishment can deter crimes. This paper points out theRead MoreCapital Punishment: An Overview682 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Outline I.Introduction II.Capital Punishment: An Overview III.In Support of Capital Punishment 1.Deterrence 2.Proportional 3.Closure 4.Public Interest IV.Dissenting Views 1.Execution of Innocents 2.The Penaltys Deterrence Effect V.Conclusion VI.References Introduction Does capital punishment still have a place in the modern society? While there are those who feel that the role capital punishment plays in the preservation of order cannot be overstated, others continue to push for

Booking letters Essay Example For Students

Booking letters Essay A State chart shows all the possible states of a class, from the start to the end. In each of the states, the action is also labeled. UML uses state charts to model states and state dependent behaviour for objects and for interactions. A state chart can be seen as a description of all the possible life cycles that an object of a class may follow. It can also be seen as a more detailed view of a class. There is an important link between interaction diagrams and state charts: the interaction diagrams captures the responses of all the objects, that are involved in a single use case. A state chart captures all the possible responses of a single object, to all the use cases in which it is involved. 1. Customer A new customer must be created before any other actions can be carried out. When a customer is created, an estimate can then be requested which then needs to be assessed and sent to either an external surveyor or internal employee. After the estimate is completed, a formal letter will be sent to the customer. If no response is received from customers after five weeks, a reminder letter is sent. The customer will then send a response detailing their acceptance or rejection. 2. Employee The status of the employees is checked, whether they have been hired or fired. Any newly hired employees will then be added. The employees are then assigned to jobs that are ready. 3. Estimate Either an outside surveyor or a company employee carries out an estimate. The availability of the surveyor/employee is checked. Once they are available, the booking is confirmed and their name is entered onto the booking sheet. The booking sheet is used to draw up booking letters to send to surveyors confirming the details of the estimate required. The surveyor will produce a report of the completed estimate, which is used for a formal estimate letter to be sent to the customer. If the customer shows acceptance, new jobs would then be created. 4. Job The supplier is contacted for an order to be placed. All the necessary materials will need to be collected in order for the job to be ready to be started. After all the materials have been received, the job begins and the tasks are carried out. The job progress is monitored and will be completed once all the tasks have been completed. 5. Materials An order line needs to be created for any building material required for a particular task. As the materials arrive, they are collected. When no more material needs to collected, they are sent and the job is ready to begin. 6. Order A new order is created and items are added until no more are required. Once all of the items are added, the order is processed. After the order is submitted, the delivery is awaited from the supplier. 7. Store File A new order must be created. After the materials needed are selected and ordered, they will be stored once received. 8. Supplier The supplier is contacted with new orders, once they receive orders they update their files and finish orders in time for the job to begin. 9. Task A new job is created and then divided into smaller tasks. Once each task is allocated to an appropriately skilled employee, it is begun. The tasks are continued until the job is complete. Database Design The following is a screenshot of the database relationships screen constructed in Access. It shows the table and link between them. The tables were constructed by taking the UML designs as the basis of the structure of the prototype created to demonstrate the possible format of any future project Ernest Naylor may undertake. Figure 1: Relationships of Tables The following screenshots shows the Employee table and some specimen data that may be found in an Ernest Naylor database. the following is the introductory main menu screen that will be presented in the prototype: .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .postImageUrl , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:hover , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:visited , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:active { border:0!important; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:active , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What impressions do we gain of Oedipus as a king and as a man Essaythis leads the user to various other screens that can be used to develop the database using an easy to use system interface. These include the entering of new customer details and the requesting of estimates that can be done in an extremely simple method. Also other sections include the ordering of materials for the jobs and also the allocating of tasks to employees and surveyors with a list of whos available or not in a single screen, which will save the manager the task of providing a list and also increase efficiency in all aspects of the organizations activities. Some reports were created as a sample of what may be possible bur future investment in a database, that would add extra functionality to your site. As this is only a prototype only a couple of reports were designed that may be of use to Ernest Naylor. Conclusion We hope that this report has developed on your understanding of the system and provided a basis for any further investigation that may be needed before valuable resources are invested in a full working database based on the prototype presented. For a medium sized construction company, a small database such as the prototype shown can increase overall efficiency and competitiveness in the market place by investing in an electronic storage and retrieval system. Other benefits include; speed of access, minimised duplication of data, user friendly interface, faster processing for your estimation and allocating of tasks, as well as ordering materials. If an expansion of your company was to take place in the following years, the new system would be able to handle any new changes to the administrative tasks without the need for massive changes in the database structure. Some of the requirements by the employees of Ernest Naylor have been met, however, all have not been implemented as of this time but can be implemented in the future if a greater time frame is allowed to develop the database. This is due to it being a prototype designed to give a demonstration of the future possibilities. Bibliography Douglas B. P, (1999). Real-Time UML Second Edition: Developing Efficient Objects for Embedded Systems, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; ACM Press. Larman C, (1998). Applying UM and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, Upper Saddle Ricer, NJ: Prentice Hall. Yourdon E. , (1994). Object-Oriented Systems Design: An Integrated Approach, Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall International. Peter Coad, Edward Yourdon, (1993). Object-Oriented Analysis, Prentice Hall International Editions, Second Edition. James Rumaugh, Michael Blaha, William Premerlani, Frederick Eddy, William Lorenson, (1991). Object-Oriented Modeling and Design, Prentice Hall International Editions.

Thorntons Plc Essay Example

Thorntons Plc Paper Thorntons PLC is the UKs largest manufacturer and retailer of specialist chocolates. The company had followed a strategy of in-house manufacture and retailing largely through the companys own shops and to a lesser extent through franchising. This case also describes the companys attempts at Diversification into the US and European markets. Thorntons outline four strategic priorities1 for the business: Driving like-for-like sales and margins Refocusing and reducing strategic initiatives Creating efficient organizational processes We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Increasing measurability and incentives These priorities were designed to achieve two objectives. Firstly, to stabilize companys performance by delivering positive like-for-like sales and returning to profit growth. Secondly, to put in place the organizational infrastructure provides a firm and robust platform for future growth. PESTLE Analysis Economic High rate of Interest in French economy and devaluation of sterling made huge loses. Downturn of profits due to seasonal demand only on some special events. Social Seasonal events like Christmas, Valentines Day, Mothers Day, and New Year accounted for a further 25 per cent of sales. Technological Installation of EPOS (Electronic-point-of-sale) tills in the shops. E-commerce/mail orders systems New tills system. Environmental Due to Hot weather conditions, the demand of chocolate goes down. Thorntons began to develop sales outside the UK and company decided the US market could offer the best vehicle for expansion. Thorntons believed that there was scope in the UK for further expansion and also the venture into US showing little prospects of profit. But these prospects of Thorntons unfortunately closed. There was an attempt by Thorntons to enter the European market which proved losses for the company. In French market, customer needs, tastes and preferences are different from UK needs, tastes and preferences. There was a market differences between these two countries. The sales and tastes were divided by Thorntons in two: First, UK sales are divided as 80 per cent chocolate and 17 per cent toffee. Second, the French market divided equally between chocolate (with the French consumer preferring bitter chocolate)2, Ice-cream and sugared confectionery. But this divergence of taste brought Thorntons into loses as caused by high French interest rates, downturn in the French economy and the deflation of sterling. Thorntons has divided their sales into UK and French and differences in tastes and preferences. They adopted a short term strategy which indicates less economies of scale as in components of Thorntons. Thorntons suffering loses due to various negative factors such as- Seasonal demand and low production of chocolates. As Thorntons has 1 per cent of daily confectionery market and 6 per cent of confectionery gift market3. So the sales are depends on seasonal events. Difficult to maintain standards in franchisees as customers feel uneasy while shopping for chocolates. Hot weather leading to loses for Thorntons. Differences in working culture makes hard for the company to operate. Thorntons primarily compete in the boxed chocolate market where their continental brand has a 6 per cent share and other players such as Cadburys roses; the leading brand has 15 per cent4. As a retailer dedicated to specialist confectionery, the company has no super markets such as ASDA, Sainsbury, and M S to whom Thorntons is a supplier. Product quality is based on unique product recipes and the use of high quality material (the companys truffle curtains Moet ET Chandon!)5. The chocolate industry is n maturity stage of the life cycle. Within this view Thorntons in-house manufacturing and retailing strategy appears to have a number of benefits in meeting competitive forces. However, Competitive rivalry is not very high because Thorntons main product is made up of hand-finished which distinguish it from its competitors. Thorntons is the largest UK manufacturer of premium chocolate, a product that involves chocolate enrobing rather than the moulding process required by more mass market chocolates. Where the costs were comparatively higher, they often included discretionary aspects that resulted in enhanced product characteristics for those where there was no concern for the retention of knowledge. Competitors can sell chocolates not only in retails and franchisees but also on E-commerce/mail order and Internet. Thorntons shops are developed to achieve Differentiation. Product quality is based on unique product recipes and the use of high quality material. Overall, the threat of entrants is not high but moderate as production cost is high and also Entrants needs experience. Consumers rather than buying solid or boxed chocolates there are many other substitutes available in the chocolate market such as, Cadbury drinking chocolate, Rice milk, Juices, Cakes, Ice creams, bar chocolates. The Threats of substitutes is very high as varieties of substitutes are available in the market. There is a concentration of buyers particularly the volume purchases from the buyers are low. Mostly the purchases is depends upon seasonal events i.e. Christmas, Valentines Day, Easter. Thorntons has large number of suppliers6 such as M S, ASDA and other supermarket stores where Thorntons supply chocolates. Thorntons continually develops the manufacturing aspects of the business, people are often surprised by the amount of hand-finishing involved in the manufacture of Thorntons products. There is not a big threat of backward integration by the buyer. Thorntons supply the best tasting chocolate and confectionery at cheap prices. Thorntons was able to make use of competitive supply market. The company was faced with numerous potential suppliers. Thorntons was reluctant to enter situations where suppliers might achieve power in the relationship or where the leakage of what was regarded as core product knowledge could occur. That is why Thorntons has 70 per cent7 in-house manufacturing and in the area of liquid chocolate, the company was able to follow a buying-in strategy due to the availability of a number of suppliers. Therefore, the power of suppliers is negative. Though Thorntons strategy of vertical integration provides a number of differentiating characteristics, but at the same time avoiding the consequences of market power and value appropriates in product and supply market. Overall, the companys in-house strategy is consistent with the competitive technology and supply context in which the company operates. The specific nature of the manufacturing technology greatly reduces the opportunity for outsourcing from a competitive supply market. The supply alternative is essential to purchase product from other manufacturing companies, a strategy that would erode differentiation.