Essay on Hurricane Katrina Two Disasters - 2020 Words

Hurricane Katrina: Two Disasters From the Frontline Film, The Old Man and The Storm, the life of Herbert Gettridge was followed after he returned to the 9th Ward of New Orleans to rebuild his home after it was destroyed in Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. After Hurricane Katrina, 500,000 families were displaced, 200,000 homes were destroyed, and 600 congregations were demolished (The Old Man and The Storm). This was a natural disaster of monumental proportions. Ironically though, a mock scenario was created by Louisiana State University’s Center for the Study of Public Health: Impacts of Hurricanes and FEMA, called Hurricane Pam in July of 2004. An artificial disaster was created during a ten day exercise held at the State Emergency†¦show more content†¦The lack of response by the various governmental agencies turned this natural disaster into a blame game that still exists almost five years later. The unpreparedness of governmental agencies on the local, state a nd federal levels was inexcusable because of the mock disaster of Hurricane Pam that had just been performed a year earlier in 2004. After the hurricane there was an inadequate or unnatural response from all levels of government. The agencies like the Red Cross, Congregations from many neighboring states, and the Army Reserve were quick to respond to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. By the end of the 2005 – 2006 hurricane season the Army Reserve had saved hundreds of storm victims, flown 665 hours in 38 days, transported more than 2,000 urban search and rescue team members, and placed more than 10.4 million pounds of reconstruction materials in breached levees (Lambert). It seemed to be taking other governmental agencies longer to respond. Local government was doing what they could but a political battle was brewing between New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin and Governor Kathleen Blanco. Eleven months after the Hurricane devastated Louisiana, the Governor was given 4.2 billion dollars from the Federal government but why did it take so long? Governor Blanco’s career was eventually destroyed as part of the blame game of whose fault this inadequate response to the storm reallyShow MoreRelatedShift Of Emphasis From Racism1180 Words   |  5 PagesShift of Emphasis From Classism to Racism Disasters often present to a society the opportunity for self-examination by stripping away the facade and revealing the underlying problems and inequities that were overlooked and oppressed by the established social order. When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, not only did it bring about complete destruction to the physical landscape, but it also brought to light the social inequalities and vulnerabilities that were present and deeply rooted in theRead MoreDisaster Management Of The Hurricane Katrina Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 3 DB 1 Disaster Management Introduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner who has lived in Miami, Fla. for over 30 years, and experienced her last hurricane which was Hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first respondersRead MoreUnnatural Disasters: Thinking about Natural Disasters in a Sociological Way1731 Words   |  7 PagesAugust 23rd, 2005; Hurricane Katrina, formed over the Bahamas, hitting landfall in Florida. By the 29th, on its third landfall it hit and devastated the city of New Orleans, becoming the deadliest hurricane of the 2005 season and, one of the five worst hurricanes to hit land in the history of the United States. Taking a look at the years leading to Katrina, preventative actions, racial and class inequalities and government, all of this could have been prevented. As presented in the newspaper articleRead MoreHurricane Katrin A Devastating Storm1576 Words   |  7 PagesHurricane Katrina was a devastating storm that ravaged New Orleans, but it was more than just a natural disaster. The general public and even some top officials are quick to dismiss this great storm as an inevitable force of mother nature as if it was just another hurricane of the season. In doing so, they subscribe to a mindset that is actually a disservice to those who suffered Hurricane Katrina’s wrath. A myriad of publications like Come Hell or High Water, Overcoming Katrina, and There is NoRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina762 Words   |  4 PagesHurricane Katrina Scandal Without doubt, Hurricane Katrina has been the major catastrophe of the century suffered in the United States. The category 5 hurricane which at first was on course to hit Florida drifted into the Gulf of Mexico taking a direct route to New Orleans. On his way, the hurricane left hundreds of dead, affected hundreds of thousands and left billions of dollars in damage. The largest number of deaths occurred in New Orleans where the hurricane hit the hardest and which was floodedRead MoreUnited States Government Response to Hurricane Katrina: Where Does the Blame Belong?1645 Words   |  7 Pagesaffect or interfere with decisions.† Many accuse the United States’ national government of minimal and slow actions taken after the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, while others share the blame of this response. Local, state, and national government response will be discussed, focusing on the government’s interaction after the strike of Hurricane Katrina. Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005, but the failure of the local government started before this day â€Å"by allowing building and growingRead MoreHurricanes and Earthquakes1652 Words   |  7 PagesHurricanes and earthquakes are two of the most dangerous natural disasters in the United States. They can be very disastrous and deadly. In the United States, there have been 73 hurricanes since 1954. Earthquakes are harder to detect because they have to have at least a magnitude of 5 (Earthquakes per year, 2009). The amount of earthquakes detected in the United States was 1656 in the past 10 years (Earthquakes per year, 2009). The World Meteorological Organization is the organization that canRead MoreHurricane Katrina778 Words   |  4 PagesDatrel Johnson Professor Peter Johnson Geography 101 25 August 2013 Describe Hurricane Katrina Beginning in the 1950s, the United States have witnessed two Category Five Storms and seven Category Four Storms naming Hurricane Katrina as one of the most deadly Category Four hurricanes to hit the Gulf Coast. On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina dismantled several sections of the levee which caused it to collapse. The storm then breeched the New Orleans’ levee system allowing Lake PonchartrainRead MoreHurricane Katrin A Horrific Day For The City Of New Orleans1605 Words   |  7 PagesAugust 29, 2005, was a horrific day for the city of New Orleans. That day was when the deadly storm Hurricane Katrina hit the city of New Orleans. It was one of the worst hurricanes in the United States history. On August 28, 2005, Katrina was upgraded to a category five hurricane, which is the worst category that a hurricane can be named. A category five hurricane means catastrophic damage will occur since the wind was going 157 miles per hour or higher. Ray Nagin the mayor of New Orlean s calledRead MoreDisaster Management : Disasters And Disasters1565 Words   |  7 PagesDisaster Management Introduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner has when lived in Miami, Fla for over 30 years, and the last hurricane she experience was hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first responders are trained

Outline Of Death Penalty - 1013 Words

Death Penalty Introduction In America many people believed that death penalty was the constitutional ban against cruel and unusual punishment and the guarantees of due process of law and of equal protection under the law. Now, we believe that the state should not give itself the right to kill human beings – especially when it kills with happiness and with ceremony, in the name of the law or in the name of its people, and now we could vote if there could be death penalty. Capital punishment is really embarrassing thing for the family members of the bad person as for him/her too. The death penalty is uncivilized in theory and unfair and inequitable in practice. The percentage of death penalty is more than we think it strive to prevent†¦show more content†¦The reasoning is when people thought that he made the crime, he was killed. After 20 years from his death he was found that he was innocent. So many people died for nothing. In one of my sources I used was,â€Å" I am not in a favor of the death penalty. But I am in a favor locking those people away in maximum security units where they could never get out. They can never escape. They can never be paroled. Lack the bad ones away. But no Death penalty.† This source I picked because it goes with my believe. Body Paragraph Two For my believes, life is the most valuable thing what we have. Nobody has a right to take of other persons life. It is Gods creation so if he wants he will take it. The death penalty wont help the person to recognize their guilt. If the people will be killed many of them wont recognize their sin. If to put them in a closed prison where no windows no people and four walls. I am against all that stuff like death penalty. The use of food for those people, is many but it is better than death penalty. The prove was found that many of people who were killed by death penalty were innocent. The problem is that people that are doing the death penalty often make errors. The prisoners that could be in prison instead of death could be for their whole life in the prison. Yes it is not a big punishment, like death penalty, but it is saves life for the person even a really bad one. For me death penalty is a scary system, first if a bad person killsShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty Essay Outline1443 Words   |  6 Pagesworld, however some are overlooked in todays society. One of these acts is the Death Penalty. The Death Penalty, or Capital punishment has been around for centuries first appearing in Hamarabis code. In modern society the death penalty is often overlooked because normally it is a criminal receiving the punishment and not your everyday good citizen. Which is where the main argument lies for most people. The Death Penalty can affect all people, directly or indirectly, yet most people dont see it thisRead MoreDeath Penalty: A Controversial Issue727 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The death penalty has been an issue of controversy, causing many states in America to repeal it and call it inhumane. However, the truth is that many citizens are strongly divided on the issue and have strong opinions on whether the death penalty should indeed be kept and reinforc ed or whether it should just be abolished altogether. When analyzing this issue from a sociological perspective, conflict theory is best used as an argument against the death penalty. This sociological conflict theory isRead MoreOutline of the Basic Principles of Sentencing Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesOutline of the Basic Principles of Sentencing Legal system is one of the most important parts of the Government, which directly affects the society and people in the society; as a result, researchers and criticisers have always inspected it. This essay will outline the basic principles of sentencing in United Kingdom. There are five general aims or functions or justifications of punishment in the UK’s legal system, which are: 1. RETRIBUTION Retribution restsRead MoreSummary Of Raymond Bonners Anatomy Of Injustice1546 Words   |  7 Pagessecond essay, I chose to critique Raymond Bonner’s Anatomy of Injustice. It was published in 2012 in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House Inc. I thoroughly enjoyed this book. It goes into the profound problems with the Death Penalty in criminal justice. Such as incompetent lawyers, racial profiling, and wrongful convictions. In particular, the Case of Edward Lee Elmore. In January 1982, a white South Carolina widow named Dorothy Edwards was found dead in the closetRead MorePersuasive Speech On Capital Punishment1134 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline 07/18/17 Capital Punishment is a Crime Introduction I. Attention Getter: With the United states in debt up to nineteen trillion and states facing budget cuts, a million dollars is a lot of money to spend to give one person the death penalty. While some people may agree with the death penalty, others may not. Some people feel that locking a criminal in prison for their life will keep the world safe,Read MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 PagesOutline I. Religious Views a. Hinduism b. Jainism c. Buddhism d. Judaism and Christianity e. Islam II. Who a. Countries b. States c. Juveniles III. What Ways IV. Why, Laws Broken a. Laws about it b. Cost c. Wrongful accusation V. Increased Murder Rate VI. Conclusion Did you know, that according to a study at North Carolina State, a murder case cost 2.16 million dollars more with a death penalty then with a sentence of life imprisonment? It s true! It is estimated that theRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Responsible For Making Such A Decision?1651 Words   |  7 Pagesto support these opinions or are they just that: opinions? The death penalty is something that has been around for centuries, but lately it has been the center of many controversies. While there are no cut and dry answers to these questions, there is one thing that is certain; before we are quick to make assumptions on the issue, there are some basic facts that we should first be made aware of when deciding whether the death penalty provides closure to families, or if it is legal murder carried outRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty950 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ Introduction (107 words) Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, has long been abolished in Australia since 1967. Although our country does not sentence capital punishment, other countries do, and there is a worldwide argument on the whole topic. â€Å"Capital punishment is the practice of executing someone as punishment for a specific crime after a proper legal trial.† (BBC - Ethics: Capital punishment, 2014) Capital punishment is generally used in situations where the accused has committedRead MorePunishing Criminals by Death Will Deter Future Crimes...or Not?1216 Words   |  5 PagesOutline The paper introduces the assumptions that people have that punishing criminals by death will deter future crimes. The paragraph further explains how human behavior is related to acts of crime. The essay gives an example of Canada. How crime was not deterred by the imposition of death penalty as a tool used by the system of justice. The essay states some of the research that has been conducted with the intention of proving that capital punishment can deter crimes. This paper points out theRead MoreCapital Punishment: An Overview682 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Outline I.Introduction II.Capital Punishment: An Overview III.In Support of Capital Punishment 1.Deterrence 2.Proportional 3.Closure 4.Public Interest IV.Dissenting Views 1.Execution of Innocents 2.The Penaltys Deterrence Effect V.Conclusion VI.References Introduction Does capital punishment still have a place in the modern society? While there are those who feel that the role capital punishment plays in the preservation of order cannot be overstated, others continue to push for

Booking letters Essay Example For Students

Booking letters Essay A State chart shows all the possible states of a class, from the start to the end. In each of the states, the action is also labeled. UML uses state charts to model states and state dependent behaviour for objects and for interactions. A state chart can be seen as a description of all the possible life cycles that an object of a class may follow. It can also be seen as a more detailed view of a class. There is an important link between interaction diagrams and state charts: the interaction diagrams captures the responses of all the objects, that are involved in a single use case. A state chart captures all the possible responses of a single object, to all the use cases in which it is involved. 1. Customer A new customer must be created before any other actions can be carried out. When a customer is created, an estimate can then be requested which then needs to be assessed and sent to either an external surveyor or internal employee. After the estimate is completed, a formal letter will be sent to the customer. If no response is received from customers after five weeks, a reminder letter is sent. The customer will then send a response detailing their acceptance or rejection. 2. Employee The status of the employees is checked, whether they have been hired or fired. Any newly hired employees will then be added. The employees are then assigned to jobs that are ready. 3. Estimate Either an outside surveyor or a company employee carries out an estimate. The availability of the surveyor/employee is checked. Once they are available, the booking is confirmed and their name is entered onto the booking sheet. The booking sheet is used to draw up booking letters to send to surveyors confirming the details of the estimate required. The surveyor will produce a report of the completed estimate, which is used for a formal estimate letter to be sent to the customer. If the customer shows acceptance, new jobs would then be created. 4. Job The supplier is contacted for an order to be placed. All the necessary materials will need to be collected in order for the job to be ready to be started. After all the materials have been received, the job begins and the tasks are carried out. The job progress is monitored and will be completed once all the tasks have been completed. 5. Materials An order line needs to be created for any building material required for a particular task. As the materials arrive, they are collected. When no more material needs to collected, they are sent and the job is ready to begin. 6. Order A new order is created and items are added until no more are required. Once all of the items are added, the order is processed. After the order is submitted, the delivery is awaited from the supplier. 7. Store File A new order must be created. After the materials needed are selected and ordered, they will be stored once received. 8. Supplier The supplier is contacted with new orders, once they receive orders they update their files and finish orders in time for the job to begin. 9. Task A new job is created and then divided into smaller tasks. Once each task is allocated to an appropriately skilled employee, it is begun. The tasks are continued until the job is complete. Database Design The following is a screenshot of the database relationships screen constructed in Access. It shows the table and link between them. The tables were constructed by taking the UML designs as the basis of the structure of the prototype created to demonstrate the possible format of any future project Ernest Naylor may undertake. Figure 1: Relationships of Tables The following screenshots shows the Employee table and some specimen data that may be found in an Ernest Naylor database. the following is the introductory main menu screen that will be presented in the prototype: .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .postImageUrl , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:hover , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:visited , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:active { border:0!important; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:active , .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296 .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1160ab24797dd4503c6bc40ed5b8d296:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What impressions do we gain of Oedipus as a king and as a man Essaythis leads the user to various other screens that can be used to develop the database using an easy to use system interface. These include the entering of new customer details and the requesting of estimates that can be done in an extremely simple method. Also other sections include the ordering of materials for the jobs and also the allocating of tasks to employees and surveyors with a list of whos available or not in a single screen, which will save the manager the task of providing a list and also increase efficiency in all aspects of the organizations activities. Some reports were created as a sample of what may be possible bur future investment in a database, that would add extra functionality to your site. As this is only a prototype only a couple of reports were designed that may be of use to Ernest Naylor. Conclusion We hope that this report has developed on your understanding of the system and provided a basis for any further investigation that may be needed before valuable resources are invested in a full working database based on the prototype presented. For a medium sized construction company, a small database such as the prototype shown can increase overall efficiency and competitiveness in the market place by investing in an electronic storage and retrieval system. Other benefits include; speed of access, minimised duplication of data, user friendly interface, faster processing for your estimation and allocating of tasks, as well as ordering materials. If an expansion of your company was to take place in the following years, the new system would be able to handle any new changes to the administrative tasks without the need for massive changes in the database structure. Some of the requirements by the employees of Ernest Naylor have been met, however, all have not been implemented as of this time but can be implemented in the future if a greater time frame is allowed to develop the database. This is due to it being a prototype designed to give a demonstration of the future possibilities. Bibliography Douglas B. P, (1999). Real-Time UML Second Edition: Developing Efficient Objects for Embedded Systems, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; ACM Press. Larman C, (1998). Applying UM and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, Upper Saddle Ricer, NJ: Prentice Hall. Yourdon E. , (1994). Object-Oriented Systems Design: An Integrated Approach, Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall International. Peter Coad, Edward Yourdon, (1993). Object-Oriented Analysis, Prentice Hall International Editions, Second Edition. James Rumaugh, Michael Blaha, William Premerlani, Frederick Eddy, William Lorenson, (1991). Object-Oriented Modeling and Design, Prentice Hall International Editions.

Thorntons Plc Essay Example

Thorntons Plc Paper Thorntons PLC is the UKs largest manufacturer and retailer of specialist chocolates. The company had followed a strategy of in-house manufacture and retailing largely through the companys own shops and to a lesser extent through franchising. This case also describes the companys attempts at Diversification into the US and European markets. Thorntons outline four strategic priorities1 for the business: Driving like-for-like sales and margins Refocusing and reducing strategic initiatives Creating efficient organizational processes We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Increasing measurability and incentives These priorities were designed to achieve two objectives. Firstly, to stabilize companys performance by delivering positive like-for-like sales and returning to profit growth. Secondly, to put in place the organizational infrastructure provides a firm and robust platform for future growth. PESTLE Analysis Economic High rate of Interest in French economy and devaluation of sterling made huge loses. Downturn of profits due to seasonal demand only on some special events. Social Seasonal events like Christmas, Valentines Day, Mothers Day, and New Year accounted for a further 25 per cent of sales. Technological Installation of EPOS (Electronic-point-of-sale) tills in the shops. E-commerce/mail orders systems New tills system. Environmental Due to Hot weather conditions, the demand of chocolate goes down. Thorntons began to develop sales outside the UK and company decided the US market could offer the best vehicle for expansion. Thorntons believed that there was scope in the UK for further expansion and also the venture into US showing little prospects of profit. But these prospects of Thorntons unfortunately closed. There was an attempt by Thorntons to enter the European market which proved losses for the company. In French market, customer needs, tastes and preferences are different from UK needs, tastes and preferences. There was a market differences between these two countries. The sales and tastes were divided by Thorntons in two: First, UK sales are divided as 80 per cent chocolate and 17 per cent toffee. Second, the French market divided equally between chocolate (with the French consumer preferring bitter chocolate)2, Ice-cream and sugared confectionery. But this divergence of taste brought Thorntons into loses as caused by high French interest rates, downturn in the French economy and the deflation of sterling. Thorntons has divided their sales into UK and French and differences in tastes and preferences. They adopted a short term strategy which indicates less economies of scale as in components of Thorntons. Thorntons suffering loses due to various negative factors such as- Seasonal demand and low production of chocolates. As Thorntons has 1 per cent of daily confectionery market and 6 per cent of confectionery gift market3. So the sales are depends on seasonal events. Difficult to maintain standards in franchisees as customers feel uneasy while shopping for chocolates. Hot weather leading to loses for Thorntons. Differences in working culture makes hard for the company to operate. Thorntons primarily compete in the boxed chocolate market where their continental brand has a 6 per cent share and other players such as Cadburys roses; the leading brand has 15 per cent4. As a retailer dedicated to specialist confectionery, the company has no super markets such as ASDA, Sainsbury, and M S to whom Thorntons is a supplier. Product quality is based on unique product recipes and the use of high quality material (the companys truffle curtains Moet ET Chandon!)5. The chocolate industry is n maturity stage of the life cycle. Within this view Thorntons in-house manufacturing and retailing strategy appears to have a number of benefits in meeting competitive forces. However, Competitive rivalry is not very high because Thorntons main product is made up of hand-finished which distinguish it from its competitors. Thorntons is the largest UK manufacturer of premium chocolate, a product that involves chocolate enrobing rather than the moulding process required by more mass market chocolates. Where the costs were comparatively higher, they often included discretionary aspects that resulted in enhanced product characteristics for those where there was no concern for the retention of knowledge. Competitors can sell chocolates not only in retails and franchisees but also on E-commerce/mail order and Internet. Thorntons shops are developed to achieve Differentiation. Product quality is based on unique product recipes and the use of high quality material. Overall, the threat of entrants is not high but moderate as production cost is high and also Entrants needs experience. Consumers rather than buying solid or boxed chocolates there are many other substitutes available in the chocolate market such as, Cadbury drinking chocolate, Rice milk, Juices, Cakes, Ice creams, bar chocolates. The Threats of substitutes is very high as varieties of substitutes are available in the market. There is a concentration of buyers particularly the volume purchases from the buyers are low. Mostly the purchases is depends upon seasonal events i.e. Christmas, Valentines Day, Easter. Thorntons has large number of suppliers6 such as M S, ASDA and other supermarket stores where Thorntons supply chocolates. Thorntons continually develops the manufacturing aspects of the business, people are often surprised by the amount of hand-finishing involved in the manufacture of Thorntons products. There is not a big threat of backward integration by the buyer. Thorntons supply the best tasting chocolate and confectionery at cheap prices. Thorntons was able to make use of competitive supply market. The company was faced with numerous potential suppliers. Thorntons was reluctant to enter situations where suppliers might achieve power in the relationship or where the leakage of what was regarded as core product knowledge could occur. That is why Thorntons has 70 per cent7 in-house manufacturing and in the area of liquid chocolate, the company was able to follow a buying-in strategy due to the availability of a number of suppliers. Therefore, the power of suppliers is negative. Though Thorntons strategy of vertical integration provides a number of differentiating characteristics, but at the same time avoiding the consequences of market power and value appropriates in product and supply market. Overall, the companys in-house strategy is consistent with the competitive technology and supply context in which the company operates. The specific nature of the manufacturing technology greatly reduces the opportunity for outsourcing from a competitive supply market. The supply alternative is essential to purchase product from other manufacturing companies, a strategy that would erode differentiation.

Perspective on Conflicts and Disputes an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Perspective on Conflicts and Disputes Long before the rule of law and dispensed decisions that effectively dictated who is wrong and who is right, long before policies and procedures governed the way things were done, long before the principles with which we have to live by were set in stone, people used to rely on trust as the primordial and highly reliable standard by which order is maintained, and business is conducted. In this setting, sans a formal legal structure, ones reputation is a valued characteristic. Need essay sample on "Perspective on Conflicts and Disputes" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In this particular structure, when relationships deteriorate, disagreements are settled either through violence --- the proverbial an eye for an eye --- or through the early biblical notion of justice as exemplified by King Solomons decision to settle who truly is the mother of the infant child. In earlier times, the leader of a group, clan, or tribe will be the judge, mediator, or arbitrator of any form of strife that may arise between and among members of the group. Clashes between members of different groups almost always resulted in violence. It was fairly basic then and formulaic: goods and even services were exchanged in fair value determined often by the contracting parties themselves. Fast forward a few centuries and a formal legal structure should have been established to reinforce the ideals of trust, equality, justice and fair dealing. Conflict is a social phenomenon arising from personal as well as group relations and interactions. Depending on ones perspective, it is both a deterrent and a facilitator of change and progress. In a civil society, reliance on a framework of order and governance has been instituted and enforced to limit the counterproductive effects that conflicts and disputes beget, if not its exacerbation, that can and may lead to the dissolution of relationships. Relationships between inpiduals are the glue that holds a society together. In the case of Albo and Jeder, it is an early symptomatic illustration of a burgeoning dispute between inpiduals and which can go deeper as far as splitting the clan itself. The very structure by which a civilized society restricts conflict or its effects thereof is founded on the concept of Justice. It can be said that conflict brought about the need for the concept of justice or in other words, the concept of justice may never have been as fully established or defined as it is today if not because of the conflicts that has beset human history. Justice comes in many terms --- fairness, moral rightness, etc. --- and comes in a multitude of forms. The legal definition of Justice is the proper administration of laws. (Black, 1990, p. 864) More precisely, In Jurisprudence, it is the constant and perpetual disposition of legal matters or disputes to render every man his due. (Black, 1990, p. 864) The role that justice plays in dealing with conflicts is that it presupposes a world of scarce resources in which people are pressing conflicting claims for the protection of competing interests. One of the functions of a theory of justice is to offer normative criteria for arbitrating between such conflicting claims. (Mautner, 1991, p. 103) Further, it is comprised of three major types: retributive justice, concerned with criteria for the punishment of wrongdoers; corrective justice, concerned with the protection of entitlements from injury or appropriation; and distributive justice, concerned with the distribution of scarce resources to competing claimants on the basis of criteria such as equality, desert, or need. (Mautner, 1991, p. 103) These types of justice are important in the resolution of conflict. In the US Constitution, the concept of justice is embedded in the Bill of Rights, particularly, the 1st amendment, to wit, No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The essential elements of justice, especially in dealing with conflict involving persons, are due process --- which operates on the fairness of the creation and of the application of the law --- and equal protection --- which operates on the fairness of the treatment or rights accorded by the law to inpiduals. In the case of Albo and Jeder, there was a shift in the status quo when Jeder offered less of what was expected. The exercise of giving every man his due was perturbed. Conflict is the opposition of response (behavioral) tendencies, which may be within an inpidual or in different inpiduals. (Coombs is a normal product of persity in beliefs and values, differences in attitudes and perceptions, and competing socioeconomic and political interests among inpiduals, social classes, ethnic groups and states. (Rabie, 1994, p. 3) From these definitions, it can be derived that the backbone of conflict is social interaction. There are several types of conflict. However, one that is relevant to the Albo and Jeder case is the Type II conflict. In general, so long as the parties to a conflict want different things but seek a single option among the possibilities, one that is to hold for both of them, then the conflict is Type II. (Coombs & Avrunin, 1988, p. 68) A dissection of the Albo and Jeder case indicate that there is clearly an imbalance. The imbalance stemmed from Jeder giving Albo a portion of meat that is less than what Albo is giving to Jeder resulting in Albo offering less to the community and Jeder offering more. A rule of the clan of never rejecting any offering of food prevents Albo from repudiating Jeders insufficient contribution. The pertinent law of the clan, taken alone, can be perceived as tilted in Jeders favor and is somehow restricting the avenues of relief for Albo, that is, not accepting the inadequate portion. What are the options then for Albo? One possible solution, as mentioned in the case, was for Albo to match Jeders offer everytime they hunt separately. This would restore justice, as this would give every man his due. However, this may prove detrimental to the dynamics of the clan. Taking the premise of matching of offers a step further, what will happen then when Jeder decides not to give Albo any portion of his kill? The solution put forth above will still hold but it will not be good for the propagation of social interaction among the members of the clan. Albos proposed solution may create a sort of pisiveness among the clan members an Albo versus Jeder standoff. And when pisiveness creeps in, defection from the clan is not too far off. What alternative solutions are available to Albo then --- one that can mitigate the foreseen drawback of the first solution? Conflict resolution processes should emphasize reforming existing relationships through attitudinal, institutional, and structural changes as well as change in the laws that govern societal processes. (Rabie, 1994, p. 22) A remedy that will not eventually break down a group should be sought. Conflict resolution must aim to expedite the long and often dangerous path from strife to peace and harmony. The Israeli Palestinian conflict has transcended time, religion, and international community intervention among others. The proportion of meat in question is land. Albo and Jeder are the Israelis and the Palestinians. One is not willing to give the other a certain portion of what the former may have and what the latter may not have. Originating as potential conflicts (conflicts in the making), they go on to move through confrontation and contest into internecine violence involving army, paramilitary recruits and a civilian population voluntarily or compulsorily implicated. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 10) There are particularly three approaches to conflict resolution. They are negotiation, mediation by a third party and authorised intervention. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 4) Negotiation is oftentimes conducted by the parties involved themselves. When negotiation fails, mediation by a third party usually follows. Mediation is adopted when violence tends to spill over into neighbouring areas. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 4) Mediation is done usually by another state duly appointed or recommended by the two parties in conflict. The third option --- authorized intervention --- requires an enabling provision from a law giving the intervening body the power to resolve the issue. The body that is authorized to resolve conflict between and among nations is the United Nations. Moreover, Chapter VI of the Charter of the United Nations --- The Pacific Settlement of Disputes --- enables the UN to engage and take over matters that cannot be resolved by the nations in conflict. Three criteria have conventionally underpinned UN involvement in any internal crisis. Is an internal conflict becoming so dangerous that it constitutes a serious threat to international peace and security? Is the state in question willing and competent to deal with its internal conflict? Is there any feasible alternative to intervention by the UN? (Whittaker, 1999, p. 112) These criteria are weighed by the Security Council of the UN. The Security Council is a group of nations, elected by the UN members themselves and is the body that has the power to authorize remedial action. Before any action can be proposed and implemented, it is incumbent upon the Council that an appraisal which must be objective and not excited by the publics sense of frustration and futility at the scale of conflict and its violations is carefully carried out. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 112) The conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians are far from over. Stop gap measures are being proposed, and will continue to be proposed to contain the violence --- the primeval solution to conflicts --- for the meantime as the resolution process , or the peace process as it is called, is being ironed out. One of the resolutions put forth is the shared homeland model. (Rabie, 1994, p. 180) The shared homeland would meet the need to address the legitimate rights of national minorities to freedom and self-determination, while posing no threat to neighboring states or endangering the rights of other minorities to similar entitlements. In addition, it protects the rights and properties of inpiduals living outside their own ethnic homelands, while allowing them to peacefully and voluntarily relocate as they may wish. As such, it facilitates cultural homogenization by choice, not "ethnic cleansing" by force. (Rabie, 1994, p. 180) Moving towards a more harmonious societal relations therefore require looking beyond seeking merely a resolution to a conflict. Reconciliation between the parties must be sought. Reconciliation, in this context, can be defined as the process of promoting an integrated community consequent upon group and inpidual preparedness to make concessions for the sake of tolerance and civilized behavior. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 114) In achieving a societal nirvana, a series of push-and-pulls need to be undertaken. Oftentimes, the number of pulls outnumbers and outweighs the number of push. In the Albo and Jeder case, the approaches to resolve conflict mentioned --- negotiation, mediation by a third party, and authorized intervention --- can be applied. Albo can negotiate with Jeder to come to terms on the definite portion of their kill that they will give each other. They can seek the advice of the leader of their clan to mediate if they cannot agree on the portion and on the conditions of the agreement. Authorized intervention in this case would be the intervention exercised by an outside court, which should be within its jurisdiction to take on and adjudicate issues of this nature, to a sovereign, independent body such as Albos and Jeders clan. If the clans legal structure is found inadequate, Albo can bring his issue to the court which has jurisdiction over the matter. Conflicts essentially expose a certain nations legal vulnerabilities or inadequacies to address a particular concern. It therefore, although indirectly, assists in strengthening the legal framework and keeping it as robust as possible. Reconciliation will come in when the court which has proper jurisdiction over the matter has heard the issues, and have come down with a decision that is rooted in law. The case law, along with the ancillary laws that will be enacted pursuant to this matter, will then form part of the body of jurisprudence that hopefully, will prevent future conflicts of this nature as well as promulgate or facilitate a kind of healthy exchange of goods and services where parties are satisfied and more importantly, where their rights are adequately protected. References Avruch,K. Black, P.W. Scimecca, J.A. (1991). Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Wesport, CT.: Praeger. Black, H. C. (1990). Blacks Law Dictionary 6th ed. St. Paul, MN.: West Publishing Co. Coombs, C. H. Avrunin, G.S. (1988). The Structure of Conflict. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Kober, A. (2002). Coalition Defection: The Dissolution of Arab Anti-Israeli Coalitions in War and Peace. Wesport, CT.: Praeger. Kollock, P. (1998). Social Dilemmas: The Anatomy of Cooperation. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 183. Mautner, M. (1991). The Eternal Triangles of the Law: Toward a theory of priorities in conflicts involving remote parties. Michigan Law Review, 90, 95 156. Rabie, M. (1994). Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity.Westport, CT.:Praeger. Whittaker, D.J. (1999). Conflict and Reconciliation in the Contemporary World. London: Routledge. Zartman, I. W. (Ed.). (1997). Governance as Conflict Management: Politics and Violence in West Africa. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

The effect of temperature essays

The effect of temperature essays Temperature changes affect most of the biochemical and physiological processes on our planet (Campbell denaturation, it sharply decreases the rate of movement and becomes inactive or dead. In the same way, when the temperature comes close to absolute zero (0 K = -273.15 C), all rate of motion comes down to zero (Campbell ll examine the rate of activity through osmosis, enzyme activity, and respiration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (Campbell kinetic energy. Gases will disperse and diffuse in a rapid motion when placed together because of its high kinetic energy. Enzymes are proteins that are function as catalysts. Catalysts are chemical agents thata change the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction (Campbell The rate of respiration of fish should be able to tell us how temperatu...

IT Governance Project in Geneva Industrial Services Essay

IT Governance Project in Geneva Industrial Services - Essay Example This case study of The Geneva Industrial Services (Services Industriels de Genà ¨ve, SIG) gives a good example of the IT Governance project. SIG is a state-owned organisation that renders services in electricity, gas, heating, energy and drinking water supplying; as well as in used water and waste processing and improvement, and telecommunications. This IT Governance case study is focused on the innovative electricity Distribution Management System (DMS), introduced in the organisation. The case study is based upon the project presentation of Glassey at the e-CASE International Conference in Singapore (Glassey 2009) and on the report describing the SEAM method, which is laid at the heart of the SIG’s DMS (Wegmann et al. 2008). IT Governance is ‘a framework for the leadership, organisational structures and business processes, standards and compliance to these standards, which ensure that the organisation’s IT supports and enables the achievement of its strategies and objectives’. As it was mentioned above, this IT Governance project in SIG was mostly aimed at the reorganisation of processes and systems in order to separate distribution and commercialisation activities in the company’s electricity distribution management system (DMS). This in its turn would enable the company to comply with the new Swiss law (Glassey 2009). In the area of electrical and electronic technologies the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading organization for international standards.